@article { author = {Abdel Khalek, Elsayed and El-Waseef, Fatma}, title = {PATTERN OF POSTERIOR RESIDUAL RIDGE RESORPTION UNDER MANDIBULAR IMPLANT HINGING OVERDENTURES: A 5 –YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1601-1609}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.74556}, abstract = {Purpose: This 5-year retrospective study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of bar designs of two-implant-retained overdentures (2-IRO) on pattern of the residual ridge resorption (RRR) of the posterior mandibles using 3-D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging. Materials and Methods: Forty five edentulous patients treated with mandibular 2-IRO opposing maxillary complete denture were selected for the study. According to bar designs; the enrolled patients were divided into three groups: Group BC (n=19) patients treated with two-implant overdentures retained by a bar joint with a plastic retentive clip. Group BL (n=14) patients treated with two-implant overdentures retained by locator attachments on the top of milled bar. Group BD (n=12) patients treated with two-implant overdentures retained by a straight bar with a plastic retentive clip & distally cantilevered ball attachments. The pattern of posterior RRR was evaluated by using CBCT imaging after 5 years post-treatment. Results: The overall vertical means of RRR differences were highly significant between three bar groups (BC, BD, and BL) using One Way ANOVA test with LSD post hoc. For group BL, no significant differences were revealed in height and width (for both buccal and lingual sides) of alveolar bone when comparing molar and premolar areas. For group BD, the reduction in RRR recorded highly significant differences (p<0.001) in height and width (for lingual side only) with statistical significant increase at molar than premolar areas.Conclusion: Taking the limitation of this study into considerations; Mandibular posterior residual ridge resorption occurs irrespective of 2-IRO design. The impact of bar design on the rate of residual ridge resorption is a matter of controversy. Unless limited by the available restorative space; milled bar design with locator retainer could be considered the bar design of choice regarding the rate and pattern of RRR.}, keywords = {Residual ridge resorption,Mandible,CBCT,implant bar overdenture}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74556.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74556_c391697673b6c88ee63ce96ba1aaac82.pdf} } @article { author = {Kortobani, Ahmad}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE HEALING AFTER APICECTOMY BY USING TWO ROOT-END FILLING MATERIALS – IN VIVO STUDY}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1611-1615}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.74557}, abstract = {Purpose of study: The aim of this in vivo study is to evaluate (clinically and radiographically) the healing after apicectomy by using two different materials (MTA & amalgam).Materials and Methods: The study included 30 cases of apicectomy divided equally into two groups: Group 1: The root apex was resected by diamond bur and the root-end cavity was prepared with ultrasonic microtips and filled with MTA. Group 2: The root apex was resected by diamond bur and the root-end cavity was prepared with ultrasonic microtips and filled with Amalgam. Cases then were observed clinically and radiographically within 3 different periods (3 months, 6 months, 9 months). We depended on the last period (9 months) to evaluate the healingResults: The overall rate of healed cases was 83.3%. It was 86.66% in group 1 and 80% in group 2. There were statistically differences between the groups (P=0.026). The superiority of the 1st group to the 2nd group proves the Bio-mechanical features of MTA in success of the apicectomy and improvement of the healing.Conclusion: The use of MTA as root-end filling material is useful in raising the healing rate after the apicectomy compared with amalgam}, keywords = {apicectomy,Healing,MTA,amalgam,ultrasonic microtips}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74557.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74557_63286236e527a22b8b6e77ac29266bf2.pdf} } @article { author = {Elbatouty, Kariem and Nour, Mona}, title = {EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF DIODE LASER 980 NM, ENDOVAC AND PASSIVE ULTRASONIC IRRIGATION DURING FINAL IRRIGATION}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1617-1625}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.74558}, abstract = {Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Diode laser 980 nm, EndoVac and passive ultrasonic irrigation ex vivo. Methods: One hundred and five maxillary central incisors were standardized to 15mm in length. All samples were prepared using Protaper Universal rotary nickel titanium system till size # F4 then contaminated with E. faecalis. The irrigation protocol used was 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by 17% EDTA. Samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (n= 20) according to the irrigant activation method. LAI group, Diode laser 980nm. API group, EndoVac system. PUI group, passive ultrasonic activation. The positive control group, in which the irrigating solution was not activated and the negative control group in which the samples were not subjected to irrigation or activation. Residual bacteria were collected with sterile paper point, plated onto BHI media and incubated (37 °C, 48 h) to determine the colony-forming units (CFU mL-1). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by performance of Tukey post hoc tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the changes in biofilm. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the mean numbers of colony-forming units among all groups. However, none of the activation methods was able to kill E. faecalis biofilm completely. The LAI group behaved most effectively among all groups.Conclusion: The adjunctive use of 980nm laser is an effective method for bacterial reduction after chemo-mechanical instrumentation of the root canal.}, keywords = {Diode laser,EndoVac,Passive ultrasonic activation,Antibacterial}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74558.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74558_ef8c3bb2ccb9f8996c0c7ec87b679649.pdf} } @article { author = {Tammam, Raafat}, title = {INVESTIGATION THE EFFECT OF RESTORATIONS FABRICATED WITH CAD/CAM TECHNOLOGY, THE HEAT-PRESS TECHNIQUE, AND TYPE OF RESIN CEMENT ON MARGINAL AND INTERNAL ADAPTATION OF ALL CERAMIC CROWNS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1627-1639}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.74559}, abstract = {Statement of the problem; the use of pressable and CAD/CAM ceramics have been lately frequently used in fixed prosthodontics. However, information about their marginal fit and internal adaptation are is little.Purpose: Marginal adaptation and internal adaptation are an important factor affecting the longevity of all ceramic restorations, so the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of restorations fabricated with CAD/CAM technology, the heat-press technique ceramic and luting agent on the Marginal Fit and Internal Adaptation of all Ceramic crowns.Materials & methods: A total of 20 mandibular Second premolars teeth were used in this study and divided into two groups according to technique of fabrication of ceramic crowns as follow: Machinable ceramics (M). IPS E-max CAD blocks have used for fabrication of ceramic crowns. (n=10), Pressable ceramics (P). IPS E-max press ingots have used for fabrication of ceramic crowns. (n=10).Each group is divided into two subgroups according to the type of resin cement used as follow: Group T: Ceramic crowns are cemented with total etch Cement-it resin cement (n=5). Group S: Ceramic crowns are cemented with Rely-x self-adhesive resin cement (n=5). A silicone replica was obtained to measure marginal and internal adaptation of each all-ceramic crown before luting, and they were sectioned vertically in mesiodistal direction. Marginal and internal adaptations were measured using computerized light microscope at 100 × magnification. Data were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) values. Regression model with repeated measures Analysis of Variance two ways (ANOVA) was used in testing significance for the effect of ceramic type and cement type.Results: related to marginal gap, it was found that press group recorded statistically significant (P<0.05) higher vertical marginal gap mean value (55.07 ± 1.1 μm) than CAD group (49.99± 5.57 μm) as indicated by two way ANOVA followed by pair-wise Tukey’s post-hoc tests. it was found that vertical marginal gap mean value of self-adhesive cement was statistically non-significant (P>0.05) higher (54.77± 0.8 μm) than total etch cement (50.3± 5.88 μm).while related to internal adaptation, totally it was found that CAD group recorded statistically significant (P<0.05) higher internal gap mean value (87.45 ± 15.4 μm) than press group (36.64± 5.15 μm) and it was found that internal gap mean value of total etch cement was statistically significant (P<0.05) higher (67.24± 11.14 μm) than self-adhesive cement (56.85± 9.4 μm).Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, The CAD group recorded statistically significant high vertical marginal fit than press group. The cement type has no effect on the marginal fit. The press group recorded statistically significant high internal fit than CAD group.}, keywords = {All-ceramic,marginal adaptation,internal adaptation,CAD/CAM,heat-pressed}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74559.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74559_8ad695edd082eb50e59fbe1b712ebec8.pdf} } @article { author = {Asal, Safa’a}, title = {DETERMINATION OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH WIDTH FOR A COMPLETELY EDENTULOUS PATIENT: PART I COMPARATIVE STUDY IN DENTATE ARAB SUBJECTS WITH DIFFERENT ARCH FORMS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1641-1647}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.74560}, abstract = {Aim: this study was conducted to determine the distance between the mesio-incisal angles of maxillary central incisors along the midline to a line running between the tips of the maxillary canines (IC line) in Arab population with different arch forms. Materials & Methods: 226 stone casts for selected dentate Saudi students were categorized, according to their morphological description, into three groups (ovoid, tapering, and square) arch forms. Using a digital caliper, the distances between the mesio-incisal angles of the maxillary central incisors along the midline to the IC line (AB distance) and to the midpoint between fovea palatine (AC distance) were measured. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the mean of AB distance was affected significantly by change of the arch form and also for the AB: AC ratio where p< 0.001. Conclusion: The fundamental results of this study can serve as a guide for determining the mesio-distal width of the maxillary anterior teeth in different arch forms.}, keywords = {arch form,Determination,maxillary anterior teeth,Size}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74560.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74560_13baeebb3acb02bb591efc18998d4d6a.pdf} } @article { author = {Aboalazm, Emad and Badawy, Rania}, title = {MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH AND NANOLEAKAGE OF A RESIN COMPOSITE BONDED TO DENTIN TREATED WITH GALLA CHINENSIS EXTRACT}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1649-1658}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.74561}, abstract = {Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of dentin surface-treatment with 4mg/ml Galla Chinensis Extract (GCE) on microtensile bond strength and nanoleakage of a resin composite restoration, subjected to two different water storage periods.Materials and Methods: A total of thirty freshly extracted sound human molars were prepared and sliced coronally for application of a nanohybrid resin composite restorative material (Filtek Z350 XT). Exposed dentin surfaces, were acid-etched, to be either routinely covered by adhesive and resin composite, or treated with 4mg/ml Galla Chinensis Extract, followed by application of an adhesive and a resin composite. Treated teeth were divided into 3 subgroups according to time of assessment of their microtensile bond strength and nanoleakage after 24 hours, 3 months and 6 months of water storage.Data were statistically analyzed with One-way ANOVA at 95% confidence interval. Kolmogorov Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were applied for normality testing. Independent t-test was used to compare between different groups for different water storage periods.Results: Insignificantly different microtensile bond strength values between control and surface-treated teeth were recorded for the resin composite material immediately and after 3 months water storage periods. Lowest values were recorded after 6 months storage period, differing significantly (p ≤0.001) between control and surface-treated dentin group. The immediately tested control group revealed significantly the highest mean microtensile bond strength values (32.1±7.84 MPa) compared to both other control groups at different storage periods. SEM micrographs showed extensive silver deposition throughout the entire hybrid layer thickness of silver-impregnated sections at resin/dentin interfaces after 6 months aging period. These depositions penetrated into dentinal tubules and around the resin tags in the control group.Conclusions: Surface treatment of etched dentin with 4mg/ml Galla Chinensis Extract improved resistance of bonded resin composite restorations to hydrolysis in terms of improved microtensile bond strength and nanoleakage after 3and 6 months of water storage.}, keywords = {Galla chinensis,microtensile bond strength,Nanoleakage,water storage,resin composite}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74561.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74561_4175f55cfecca14ffcf7cefb44029af5.pdf} } @article { author = {Nasr, Ashraf and Fawzy, Ahmed}, title = {FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH RESTORED WITH FOUR DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1659-1668}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.74562}, abstract = {This study was conducted to evaluate both the effect of different cavity designs and different ceramic, composite CAD/CAM blocks and regular direct resin composite on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Materials and methods: A total of 80, non-carious, crack-free freshly extracted human maxillary premolars were used in this study. The teeth received a standardized endodontic treatment and then were divided in to two groups (40 each) according to the cavity design Design1 (MOD cavities) and Design2 (MOD with buccal and lingual cusp reduction), the two groups were further subdivided into sub groups (10 each) according to the type of restorative material used, either IPS e max CAD, Lava Ultimate, Vita Enamic, or Filtek Z 350 XT. Teeth were mounted in a universal testing machine, compressed with crosshead speed of 1mm/min, for testing their fracture resistance.Results: One-way ANOVA was used to test each main effect separately. One-way ANOVA for the effect of cavity design showed statistical significant difference between both designs (P= 0.003). The post-hoc test revealed that Design 2 has the significantly higher mean fracture resistance (P= 0.001) than did Design 1. Meanwhile, One-way ANOVA for the effect of type of restorative material used showed statistical significance for types of restorative material used (P= 0.001). The post-hoc test revealed that IPS e max CAD has significantly the highest mean fracture resistance (P= 0.001). Moreover, Lava Ultimate and Vita Enamic had significantly higher mean fracture resistance than that of Filtek Z 350 XT (P= 0.001). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that Endodontically treated maxillary premolars prepared with an extensive loss of tooth structure and restored with chair-side indirect esthetic restorations had a resistance to fracture under simulated occlusal load significantly higher than that of direct resin composite restorations.Chair-side CAD/CAM ceramic restorations are superior over hybrid ceramics.Allowing a cusp coverage of approximately 2.5 mm in bulk would enhanced fracture resistance of dentin-bonded onlays over inlay preparations with no cusp coverage in vitro.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74562.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74562_bf0581b5511f1878c797fa31a7d493fa.pdf} } @article { author = {Fawzy, Ahmed and Abdellateef, Shereef}, title = {EFFECT OF TOOTHBRUSH ABRASION ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF DEMINERALIZED ENAMEL TREATED WITH RESIN INFILTRATION}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1669-1675}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.74563}, abstract = {This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the toothbrush abrasion on surface roughness of the demineralized enamel treated with resin infiltration. Materials and methods: A total number of 12 extracted caries-free human permanent premolars were used in this study. Surface roughness assessment of specimens (sound enamel) was performed using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (R1). Specimens were subjected to a demineralization protocol until a white spot lesion (WSL) was developed (chalky white lesion) (surface roughness R2). Resin infiltrant was applied on the WSL (R3), followed by tooth brush abrasion(R4). Surface roughness assessment of specimens (R) was performed qualitatively and quantitatively using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope for each of the four stages of the study. Results: One-way ANOVA showed statistical significant difference between the tested groups (P= 0.001). The post-hoc test revealed that sound enamel has significantly the lowest surface roughness than all other tested groups (P= 0.001). Moreover, demineralized enamel and toothbrush abraded resin infiltrated enamel had significantly lower surface roughness than that of resin infiltrated enamel (P= 0.001). No significant differences were revealed between demineralized enamel and toothbrush abraded resin infiltrated enamel (P= 0.309). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that: 1- Surface roughness of enamel with artificial carious lesion treated with resin infiltration was higher than that of sound enamel. 2- Tooth brushing have the potential to lower the surface roughness of artificial carious lesion treated with resin infiltration.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74563.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_74563_4397e3aa611e9713a76c7ef60c325e07.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghali, Rami}, title = {CLINICAL OUTCOME OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATTACHMENTS RETAINING MANDIBULAR KENNEDY CLASS I PARTIAL DENTURES}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1677-1689}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75101}, abstract = {Aim of the study: This study was conducted to assess and compare the effect of extracoronal OT CAP, telescopic crown and magnetic attachments in long span bilateral distal extension cases. Case evaluation: included patient satisfaction, clinical evaluation and radiographic evaluation. Clinical evaluation was performed using plaque index , gingival index , probing depth and periotest.Materials and Methods: Thirty partially edentulous male patients (age ranging from 50-60 years) having Kennedy class I lower ridges with lower first premolar as last abutment were selected to this study .Removable partial dentures were constructed following the same technique, and using the same materials. All dentures were designed with combined denture bases, lingual bar as major connector .According the attachment type used to retain removable partial denture., patients were divided into three groups: Group I, received removable partial dentures retained by extracoronal OT CAP attachment (Rhein 83, Italy), Group II: received removable partial dentures retained by telescopic crowns exhibiting 10-12 degrees occlusal taper and Group III: received removable partial dentures retained by magnetic attachments (Dyna Magnet System, Holland) .Follow up visits were scheduled at time of denture insertion, six, twelve and eighteen months after denture insertion for inspection of the prosthesis and collection of the data. Case evaluation included patient satisfaction, clinical evaluation of the supporting abutments, which included recording of the gingival index and the clinical attachment level, abutment mobility (using periotest), as well as radiographic evaluation.Radiographs were performed for assessment of bone height mesial and distal to the abutments by serial standardized periapical radiographs made by long cone paralleling technique.Results: In general, patients were satisfied with the appearance, fit, stability, retention and function of their dentures. They experienced an improvement in their chewing ability and esthetics mainly in group III. There was a slight gradual increase in the gingival index scores, clinical attachment level values throughout the follow up period, in all three groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups clinically. Regarding abutment mobility, no statistically significant difference was observed in the mean values of the periotest scores in the three groups along the follow up period. comparing the three studied groups although telescopic attachment retained RPD (Group II )showed the highest mean values and magnetic attachment retained RPD (Group III ) showed the least mean values of the periotest scores during the follow up period , there were no statistically significant differences the studied Groups. There was a statistically significant decrease in crestal bone height around the abutments, telescopic attachment retainer showed the statistically significantly highest crestal bone loss around the abutment, while the magnetic attachment retainer that showed the lowest crestal bone loss. Conclusions: Telescopic retainers distribute more stresses on the abutments more than extracoronal and magnetic attachments. Magnetic attachment is considered minimal invasive procedure as it reduces only one abutment in comparison to two abutments in cases of extracoronal and telescopic attachments.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75101.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75101_1d1a9be7920d6d09abd75d683f934452.pdf} } @article { author = {Elfaramawy, Medat}, title = {THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ON THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1691-1694}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75104}, abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano calcium hydroxide application on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth as compared to conventional calcium hyroxide and calcium hydroxide paste with iodoform. Seventy freshly human extracted single rooted teeth were selected. The samples were biomechanically prepared and classified according to the type of the calcium hydroxide dressing into four groups as follows; Group 1; (21 samples) dressed with nano calcium hydroxide( Nano streams company, Cairo, Egypt) , Group 2; (21 samples) dressed with conventional calcium hydroxide with saline (GAMA dental lab, Cairo, Egypt ). Group 3; (21 samples) dressed with calcium hydroxide paste with Iodoform (Metapex) (META, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea) and Group 4; Control group (undressed). The samples were further classified according to the observation time into: Subgroup A; (7 samples) after one month. Subgroup B; (7 samples) after two months and Subgroup C; (7 samples) after three month. Samples were loaded vertically after the observation periods using Universal Testing Machine until fracture. The results showed that nano calcium hyroxide weakened the endodontically treated teeth more than conventional calcium hydroxide followed by Metapex paste and this weakness increased by time for all tested groups. It was concluded that all formulations of calcium hydroxide weaken the endodontically treated teeth.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75104.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75104_40404b840e57368ff6394dbe5a39eed6.pdf} } @article { author = {Elfaramawy, Medhat}, title = {THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ADHESIVE OBTURATING MATERIALS ON THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1695-1698}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75107}, abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of teeth obturated with different adhesive obturation systems. Seventy freshly human extracted single rooted teeth were selected. The samples were biomechanically prepared and classified according to the type of the obturating material into four groups as follows; Group 1; (21 samples) obturated with conventional gutta-percha and AD-seal sealer (META, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea). Group 2; (21 samples) obturated with ActivGP cones and Activ GP sealer (Brasseler, Savannah, USA). Group 3; (21 samples) obturated with resilon cones and Epipheny sealer (Pentron,Wallingford,USA). Group 4; Control group (unobturated). The samples were further classified according to the observation time into: Subgroup A; (7 samples) after one week. Subgroup B; (7 samples) after one month and Subgroup C; (7 samples) after three month. Samples were loaded vertically after obturation using Universal Testing Machine until fracture. It was found that ActivGP showed the highest resistance followed by Resilon then conventional gutta-percha. It was concluded that Activ Gpobturating system can strengthen the endodontically treated teeth more than Resilon/Epipheny system.  }, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75107.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75107_3c64d1ef630599a7eba624712f402aef.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsaid, Mayada and Salama, Mirvat and Shalaby, Magda}, title = {EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DENTIN CONDITIONING AGENTS ON THE TENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF A SELF- ETCH ADHESIVE SYSTEM}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1699-1707}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75110}, abstract = {Mild dentin conditioners have been recommended to modify the smear layer to increase bond strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dentin conditioning agents on tensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin surface using self etch adhesive system. Materials & Methods: The roots of forty freshly extracted sound human molars were cut beyond DEJ, occlusal surface of each tooth carefully trimmed. Prepared samples were randomly divided into four groups (10 each): Gp I control gp applying self etch adhesive and composite, Gp II 25% Polyacrylic acid application followed by the same steps as gp I, Gp III 2.5% (NaOCl) application followed by adhesive and composite and Gp IV using 0.5 M (EDTA) and also followed by adhesive and composite application. Tensile bond strength of samples was tested. Determine mode of failure of debonded samples under a stereomicroscope confirmed with scanning electron microscope. Results: Gp IV recorded the highest tensile bond strength values while the lowest tensile bond strength values were found at Gp III. ANOVA test was used to compare the four tested groups at a level of significance P < 0.001. conclusion: The surface treatment of dentin before bonding positively affect the tensile bond strength values. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75110.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75110_209397fb694a2634768d3f4060924454.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El Halim, Sahar and Essa, Mona}, title = {EFFECT OF DIFFERENT POLISHING SYSTEMS ON PROPERTIES OF CONTEMPORARY COMPOSITE RESINS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1709-1719}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75112}, abstract = {Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different polishing systems on the surface roughness and surface micro-hardness of three types of composites. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty samples were prepared in disc-shaped stainless steel molds with a uniform size of 6 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness. The samples were divided according to the materials used into three groups of 60 samples for each material, and each group was then subdivided into subgroups according to the polishing instruments with 20 samples in each subgroup: Group I (control group) (Mylar’s strip) with no finishing and polishing. Group II, polishing with Spiral polishing wheels and Group III, polishing with Sof-lex Pop-on discs. Each subgroup was divided into two groups according to measurements of surface roughness and microhardness (n=10). Restorative materials were handled according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The molds were placed on flat glass plates covered with Mylar’s strips and then were filled with restorative materials. The materials were covered with Mylar’s strips, and a glass slide was pressed against the mold to adapt the materials completely to the inner portions of the molds. The excess material was removed, and the samples were photo-activated for 40 sec at the top surface using high intensity Elipar TM LED light curing unit, all samples were light cured following the manufacturers’ instructions. The specimens’ surfaces in groups II and III were finished with an ultrafine diamond finishing. After finishing the group II specimens were polished using Spiral polishing wheel. Group III specimens were polished using Sof-Lex Pop-on discs, strictly following the manufacturer’s instructions. All of the groups were stored in saline for 24 hr. All of the specimens were equally subdivided for both the surface roughness and micro-hardness test. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05 for both the surface roughness and microhardness tests, followed by Tukey,s post hoc test, using SAS software. Results: Comparing between the three polishing techniques, the Mylar’s strips (control group) exhibited significantly lower roughness values (smoothest surface) than the polishing systems (p <0.0001). Nanocomposite had the lowest surface roughness comparing to other materials. Comparing between the three materials, the greatest microhardness mean value was recorded with Sonic bulkfill, using Mylar’s strips or Spiral wheel or Solfex disc polishing techniques(p <0.0001). Conclusions: The control group had the lowest surface roughness and microhardness values compared to the polishing groups. No significant difference on surface roughness between Spiral wheel disc values and Soflex disc. The lowest surface roughness material was Nano-composite in each of the used techniques and Sonic bulkfill had the highest mic-ohardness than bulkfill and nanocomposite}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75112.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75112_0fa205c8a5f7ee244f06f770918953b7.pdf} } @article { author = {Bouges, Sara and Awn, Sarah and Alaidaros, Amani and Nassar, Hani}, title = {OVERVIEW OF SUGAR-FREE PRODUCTS IN SAUDI ARABIA}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1721-1728}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75120}, abstract = {Aim: Sugar-free products have several advantages in protecting teeth against dental caries. The objective of this study was to assess the available sugar-free products in the Saudi market and to determine the most common sugar substitutes found in these products.Materials and Methods: Products carrying the labels such as “sugar-free” or “no sugar” from five major stores in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were collected. Special emphasis was given to products commonly used as snacks. The type and percentage of each sugar substitute were investigated by checking the product’s label or by contacting the manufacturer. Descriptive analysis of sweeteners’ type and concentrations were performed.Results: The majority of products had some missing information regarding the type or concentration. Some products contained some carbohydrates such as sucrose. The main sugar substitutes were sorbitol and sucralose in gums and sweeteners, respectively. Acesulfam-K was found in 64% of the products whereas xylitol was present in only 16% with average concentration of 0.6 g/pellet in chewing gums. Conclusion: Several products contain a mixture of different sugar substitutes. The type of the main sweetener was dependent on the product category. Acesulfam-K and aspartame were the major sugar substitutes found. Overall xylitol concentration was low.}, keywords = {Sugar free products,Sugar substitutes,Xylitol,Caries prevention,Xylitol & caries prevention}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75120.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75120_8585480c85973c3f960ab59bedf37a7c.pdf} } @article { author = {Soliman, Naglaa and Mohamed, Mona}, title = {IN VITRO EVALUATION OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF DIFFERENT FISSURE SEALANTS AFTER AGING PROCEDURES}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1729-1737}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75122}, abstract = {Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of unfilled resin based sealant (Clinpro), glass ionomer fissure sealants (Fuji Triage) and nanofilled resin based fissure sealant (Tetric N-Flow) to resist surface degradation using chewing simulator combined with thermocycling. Methodology: A total of 30 disk shaped specimens were prepared, 10 disks for each material. Surface roughness (Ra) and weight loss were quantitatively measured after 2-body wear testing by using a chewing simulator ‎integrated with thermocycling. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test (P ≤ 0.05)Result: Both unfilled resin based sealant (RS) and glass ionomer fissure sealant (GI) showed statistically significant higher (Ra) than nanofilled resin based fissure sealant (NS) before aging procedure. After chewing simulator and thermocycling; there was no statistically significant difference between the (Ra) of three fissure sealant materials. As regard to weight loss (GI) showed the highest mean weight loss followed by (RS) while (NS) showed the lowest mean weight loss. Conclusion: nanofilled resin based fissure sealant showed good resistance to surface degradation compared to other sealants.}, keywords = {nanofilled resin based fissure sealant,glassionomer fissure sealant,Surface roughness,weight loss}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75122.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75122_0b18a582dad48b28e526d6b47a29fe82.pdf} } @article { author = {Abo-Elmagd, Amal}, title = {EFFECT OF LUTING AGENT VISCOSITY ON BOND STRENGTH AND MARGINAL GAB OF CERAMIC OCCLUSAL VENEER RESTORATIONS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1739-1752}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75125}, abstract = {Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of viscosity of composite resin as luting agent before and after heating on bond strength and marginal gab of two CAD/CAM posterior ceramic occlusal veneers restorations. The effect of heating on the flow of composite resin was determined.Materials and Methods: 20 e. max and vita enamic discs (4x4x2mm) was prepared (Isometric 4000 micro saw Buhler USA) and cemented to grind enamel surface of mounted molars groups (heated and non-heated composite )according to manufacturer instructions and bond strength was measured by testing machine (Model 3345; Instron Industrial Products, Norwood, USA). also 20 extracted human premolars was prepared for occlusal veneers and the constructed e. max and vita enamic CAD/CAM was bonded using flowable composite resin cement before and after heating then marginal gap was measured before and after thermo-mechanical aging .The interface of debonded surfaces was recorded. Internal gap was measured before cementation by a replica technique. Flow of composite resin was measured before and after heating using compressed composite discs (ANSI\ADA Specification No. 57 -1993). The data was tabulated and analyzed statistically.Results: It was found that heating affected resin flow significantly (p=0.0003 < 0.05) as indicated by t-test where (heated resin mean value > non-heated resin mean value). Effect of heating of composite resin; totally it was found that heated composite resin affected marginal gap significantly (p=0.0284 < 0.05) where (non-heated resin mean value > heated resin mean value). Regardless to ceramic material groups, it was found that heated composite resin affected bond strength significantly (p=0.0141 < 0.05) as indicated by two way ANOVA test where (heated resin mean value > non-heated resin). Interaction between variables was not done coz the F value of ANOVA test showed non-significant interaction (p=0.2611>0.05)Conclusions: Heating of flowable composite resin as luting before cementation improve the flow characteristics of composite resin, increase the bond strength of occlusal veneers, and reduce the marginal gab.}, keywords = {Ceramic occlusal veneers,composite viscosity,preheated composite,bond strength,marginal gab,CAD/CAM ceramic}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75125.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75125_f57f3d408583ae98d59df52db8404ce3.pdf} } @article { author = {Mustafa, Aisha}, title = {EVALUATION OF TWO METHODS USED TO RECORD THE NEUTRAL ZONE UTILIZED LOW FUSING MODELING COMPOUND- ACCURACY OF CENTRIC RELATION REGISTRATION}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1753-1760}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75127}, abstract = {Introduction: Many techniques have been described in the literature for molding of the Neutral zone. Gothic arch tracer attached to neutral zone record used for accurate registration of centric relation.Material and method: This study was passed on 10 edentulous patients to compare the accuracy of centric relation using intra-oral Gothic arch tracer attached to two different neutral zone records. The first method includes, recording of neutral zone for each arch separately without vertical stopper then orientation of the occlusal plane on the articulator (indirect method), the other method record the neutral zone at predetermined vertical relation, using upstanding flange, then orient the occlusal plane intra- orally (direct method).Result: within this study, the indirect method of neutral zone exhibit a statistically more accuracy in registration of the centric relation using the Gothic arch tracer compared to the direct method.Conclusion: recording the neutral zone of each arch separately give more accurate registration of the centric relation than that using upstanding flange.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75127.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75127_52897f6951fa837663b8b391b0009f25.pdf} } @article { author = {Abo-Elmagd, Amal}, title = {EFFECT OF HEATED COMPOSITE CEMENT AND WEAR WITH DIFFERENT OPPOSING SURFACES ON COLOR OF CAD/CAM CERAMIC OCCLUSAL VENEERS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1761-1781}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75128}, abstract = {Statement of problem: improvement and maintain color stability of ceramic restorations is necessary factor for long success of esthetic fixed Prosthodontic restorations. Posterior occlusal ceramic and hybrid ceramic veneers are widely used as a clinical restorative treatment to improve appearance and restore the lost enamel. The abrasiveness limitation of different ceramics materials and its effect on color stability of both enamel and different opposing occlusal restorative materials are very important when selecting as an esthetic restorative material. In addition, recently, composite resin has been used as luting cement for indirect aesthetic restorations. The flow of the pre-heating composite as luting agent improves the adaptation and facilitate the placement of the restoration. Therefore, the effect of heat on color stability of composite as luting agent and its reflection on the color of occlusal ceramic veneers restorations are neededObjectives: this study was to investigate the effect of heating of flowable composite as luting agent and the wear of occlusal veneer ceramic restoration with different opposing(enamel, e. max and v. enamic) on the color of e. max and vita enamic CAD/CAM posterior occlusal veneers ceramic restorations.Materials and Methods: 20 extracted human upper premolars were prepared for occlusal veneers were scanned and CAD-CAM restorations were milled using e max and vita enamic CAD/CAM blocks with the same milling parameters. CAD/CAM posterior ceramic occlusal veneers restorations were cemented using flowable composite material before and after heating. Wear of occlusal veneers using chewing simulator (ROBOTA) with different opposing: human enamel, e. max and v. enamic CAD/CAM discs was used. The effect of wear and flowable composite heating on color stability were measured and the data were tabulated and analyzed statistically.Results: Total effect of heating of composite cement; regardless to occlusal veneers restorations material groups or mechanical wear, it was found that composite resin cement heating affected color stability significantly (p=0.00095 < 0.05) as indicated three way ANOVA test where (non-heated composite cement (ΔE) mean value = 5.94 > heated composite cement (ΔE) mean value = 4.53). Total effect of mechanical wear; irrespective of occlusal veneer material groups or composite resin cement heating, it was found that mechanical wear affected color stability non-significantly (p=0.5776> 0.05) as indicated three way ANOVA test where ( After aging (ΔE) mean value = 5.38 ≥ before aging (ΔE) mean value = 5.09) Conclusions: selection of the occlusal veneers materials should consider wear properties because the occlusal wear rate varies according to the materials of the occlusal veneers restoration and opposing surfaces as well as the applied load. Moreover, for best aesthetic results, clinicians must be taken in considerations the color, translucency of ceramics and the effects of the luting agent on optical properties.}, keywords = {Occlusal Veneers,preheated flowable composite,e. max ceramic,vita enamic ceramic,color stability,Wear,CAD/CAM ceramic}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75128.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75128_5269e02297beb607e82e010a2238ee8e.pdf} } @article { author = {Sultan, Mayada and Elkorashy, Maha}, title = {INFLUENCE OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS ON MICROSHEAR BOND STRENGTH TO BLEACHED ENAMEL: CHEMICAL VERSUS LASER ASSISTED BLEACHING}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1783-1791}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75130}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the effect of some natural antioxidants on microshear bond strength to enamel bleached using chemical and laser assisted bleaching. Methods: Sound human maxillary central incisors were used in the study. The labial surfaces were ground to obtain flat enamel surfaces. Bleached specimens were divided into 2 main groups according to the bleaching protocol; chemical bleaching and laser assisted bleaching. Each group was subdivided into 4 subgroups according to the antioxidant used; 10% Ascorbic acid, 10% Alpha-tocopherol, 10% Hesperidin and No antioxidant. Non-bleached specimens were prepared to be used as a control group. Bonding procedures were done 1h after bleaching. Microshear bond strength (µSBS) was tested using a universal testing machine. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test.Results: The control group showed the highest µSBS value. Using hesperidin and ascorbic acid with both bleaching protocols recorded no significant difference compared to the control group. Also, laser bleaching without antioxidant was statistically comparable to the control group. Regarding type of antioxidant, hesperidin showed the highest µSBS results followed by ascorbic acid while α-tocopherol showed the lowest values.Conclusion: Hesperidin and ascorbic acid have the ability to regain microshear bond strength to bleached enamel with superior performance of hesperidin. Alpha tocopherol is not able to reverse compromised bond strength after tooth bleaching. Laser assisted bleaching could allow immediate bonding procedures without the need for antioxidant application.}, keywords = {Natural antioxidants,Hesperidin,chemical bleaching,laser bleaching,Microshear bond strength}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75130.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75130_ab689b39ee7f46117ce81bfa48c80c42.pdf} } @article { author = {Ajlouni, Raed and Ajlouni, Khaldoun and Elshahawy, Waleed and Sadakah, Abdelfattah}, title = {FATIGUE FRACTURE OF A NOVEL DESIGN FOR CERAMIC-NECK TITANIUM IMPLANT}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1793-1800}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75133}, abstract = {Statement of problem: The ceramic neck implant is a novel implant design for tooth replacement. The novel design has a ceramic shell that covers the neck of the titanium implant and masks its dark color, which gives an appearance that mimics natural dentition. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to in vitro test an optimized version of the ceramic neck implant for future clinical testing in patients. The aim was to determine the fatigue resistance of the ceramic shell under cyclic loading to simulate chewing function. This is the third article in a three article series to test a novel dental implant design with a ceramic neck in-vitro.Materials and Methods: Thirty4.1mm (D) X 10mm (H)Grade 4 commercially pure tissue level, endosseous implants were used. The implants were divided into two groups (n=15) Group I (control) and Group II which had a novel ceramic neck design. All implants were placed in type 3 saw bone. Single tooth abutments, 7mm in height were inserted and torqued to 35Ncm. Identical CAD/CAM crowns were milled and adhesively cemented to abutments. Specimens were fatigue tested until failure using a computer controlled universal testing machine. Cyclic compressive fatigue test was done according to the modified “staircase” method. Mean ± SD was calculated according to specific statistical equations. Student t-test was done between two groups (α = 0.05).Results: Implants without ceramic shell recorded a higher mean value of fatigue failure load (328.3±102.4) than novel design implants with ceramic shell (269.5±54.7). The difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P= 0.18 > 0.05).Conclusions: No statistical significant difference between the two groups means that the mechanical fatigue failure test showed high fracture resistance to cause failure of the ceramic shell.}, keywords = {Titanium,Implant,porcelain,Fatigue fracture,Cyclic loading}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75133.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75133_fe6a5093922d1de42f42cfb00d7f6964.pdf} } @article { author = {Sami, Rasha}, title = {MARGINAL ADAPTATION OF VARIOUS CAD/CAM ALL-CERAMIC SUPERSTRUCTURES CEMENTED ON READY AND CUSTOM MADE ZIRCONIA ABUTMENTS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1801-1818}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75135}, abstract = {Statement of the problem: In spite of the varied materials and techniques available for fabricating implant-supported superstructures, reaching an abutment/crown combination that provides standardized results and an accurate fit is still of utmost importance for the success of implant-supported restorations.Purpose of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the marginal adaptation of various CAD/CAM fabricated all-ceramic superstructures cemented on both ready and custom made zirconia abutments.Materials and methods: A total of 30 implant samples were divided into two main groups (n=15) according to the received zirconia abutment design as follows; Group I: readymade zirconia abutments with scalloped 0.5 mm chamfer finish line and Group II: custom made zirconia abutments with uniform 1mm deep chamfer finish line. According to the received ceramic superstructure material each group was further subdivided into three subgroups (n=5) namely; subgroup1: Vita Enamic, subgroup2: IPS e. max CAD and subgroup3: Zirconia. Vertical marginal gap measurements for different groups were carried before cementation using a digital microscope; measurements were repeated again after cementation of the superstructures each on its corresponding abutment. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: Regardless of ceramic superstructure material or cementation, it was found that the ready-made abutments recorded a statistically significant higher mean vertical marginal gap than the custom made abutments. Regardless of abutment designs or superstructure material; it was found that there was a statistically significant increase in mean marginal gap distance after cementation at P-value ≤ 0.05.Conclusions: Based on the clinical acceptability of 120 μm as a marginal gap, the results of the three all-ceramic superstructures were within the acceptable range for both tested abutments. Marginal gap values increased after cementation of various superstructures on different abutments.}, keywords = {marginal adaptation,all-ceramic superstructures,custom abutment,cement-retained restorations,Lithium Disilicate,Zirconia,Vita Enamic}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75135.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75135_c290a23c5e368963c4906725b1012c0c.pdf} } @article { author = {Darwish, Enas}, title = {EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATTACHMENTS ON PATIENTS MUSCULAR ACTIVITY}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1819-1826}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75136}, abstract = {Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the electromyographic muscle activity of both the buccinator and temporalis muscles in patients wearing implant supported over-dentures using  different types of attachments namely:  A) Bar attachments. B) Magnet attachments. C) locator attachements.Materials and methods: twenty one patients were selected having completely edentulous upper and lower arches, divided into three groups, group A having implant-supported mandibular overdenture with bar attachment, group B having implant-supported mandibular overdenture with magnetic attachment and group C having implants supported mandibular over denture with locator attachment. In selected groups, the implants were placed in the canine region, muscular evaluation was performed in each phase during the study by using a digital electromyogram (EMG)* Muscular activity, represented by the root mean square value (RMS), was evaluated. Results: data obtained from the present study showed that there was no significant difference between attachments according to muscular activity measured.Within the limitations of this study: it was concluded that: I. In elderly patients, the treatment with 2 inter-foramina implants provides evidence of neuromuscular adaptation towards values of healthy dentate, thus the known benefits of implant placement such as tissue perseverance and improved function are complemented by improved neuromuscular adaptation. II. There was no significant difference between bar, magnet and locator attachments regarding the muscular activities measured.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75136.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75136_f132c6a4e21f9610edc631d5576ebd14.pdf} } @article { author = {Tammam, Raafat}, title = {EFFECT OF SANDBLASTING OF ZIRCONIA ABUTMENT ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND BACTERIAL ADHESION}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1827-1831}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75137}, abstract = {Statement of problem. Factors associated with implant periodontal disease of zirconia restorations such as surface roughness remain largely unknown.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sandblasting abrasion before sintering affects roughness and bacterial adhesion on the surface of zirconia.Material and methods. Thirty presintered zirconia specimens were divided into 6 groups of 5 after being polished with silicon carbide paper (1200 grit). A different surface treatment was applied to each group (no treatment [group Ct] and {A 30 µm, B 50 µm ,C 120 µm, D 175 µm and E 250 µm alumina particle size abrasion for 5 seconds]), and the specimens were then densely sintered. The mean centric linear roughness (Ra) was measured, and the 3D measurement of surface roughness (3D roughness) was determined. The number of colony forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus mutans adhering to the surface was also examined. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis (a=.05).Results. Airborne-particle abrasion before sintering significantly increased surface roughness. Groups A, C, and E showed statistically significant higher CFU/mL than did group B (P<.05). No difference was found in CFU/mL between group Ct and B (P=.230).Conclusions. Airborne-particle abrasion before sintering is a useful method of increasing the surface roughness of zirconia. Ra < 0.58 mm is necessary to inhibit the adherence of S. mutans to zirconia.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75137.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75137_91d9cc2151fdc3615121bad6a5e4e8bc.pdf} } @article { author = {Bedier, Marwa}, title = {ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE COMBINED WITH NANO-SILVER ADDITIVES}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1833-1841}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75138}, abstract = {Introduction The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) mixed with saline and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate mixed with silver nanoparticles solution; 25 ppm (25AG) and 12 ppm (12 AG) at three setting conditions using the direct contact test.Methodology Each of the tested materials was placed at the bottom of 96-well plates then immediately exposed to the bacterial suspension or exposed after 3 days and after 7 days of setting. Aliquots of the bacterial suspension were placed on the tested materials and in the control wells for 1 hour to ensure direct contact between all the bacteria and the surface of the tested materials. BHI broth was then added to each of the wells; 15 μl of the bacterial suspension was transferred to corresponding wells in other plates, containing fresh culture medium. The kinetics of bacterial growth was measured every two hours for six hours, using spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 620.Results There was a statistically significant effect of the material on the antibacterial activity (p=0.001, p<0.05), where the 25 AG showed the highest antibacterial effect.Conclusion The addition of Nano-silver solution to MTA seemed to increase its antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75138.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75138_af43939a8ac71be41e5e1ad188e390aa.pdf} } @article { author = {Moharrum, Haythem and Ebrahim, Mohamed}, title = {EFFECTS OF DIODE LASER IRRADIATION ON MICROLEAKAGE OF COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS IN CLASS I CAVITIES}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1843-1852}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75139}, abstract = {Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diode laser irradiation on microleakage of composite restorations in class I cavities. Material and methods: Twenty human premolar teeth were used in this study. Class I cavities standardized to a size of 3x2x2mm dimensions were prepared in each sample. The cavity of each tooth was acid etched using 37% phosphoric acid gel* for 15 seconds. Then the teeth were rinsed with water spray for five seconds. The adhesives were applied to the entire surface of the cavity and air thinned for 15 seconds then light-cured for 10 seconds with light emitting diodes (LED). Cavities were then filled with nanofilled composite and light-cured for 40 seconds. The filled teeth were divided into two main groups (of 10 each) according to surface treatment by laser application or not. Group A: teeth without treatment, Group B: teeth with surface treatment by diode laser application. Dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZ-PT-Japan).Another twenty specimens was prepared and examined by scanning electron microscope. Result: in microleakage assessment there were no significant difference in the microleakage scores at the buccal and lingual cavosurface margin between conventional and diode laser groups.}, keywords = {Composite resins,Diode laser,SEM}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75139.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75139_65dbd471a0d4684e67eb4cba93f4a5b0.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelaal, Noha and El-Zawahry, Mohamed}, title = {EFFECTS OF LASER APPLICATION ON THE PERIODONTAL CONDITION OF THE PLATFORM SWITCH IMPLANT}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1853-1859}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75141}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the effect of low grade soft laser clinically and radiographically on platform switching implants supporting mandibular complete over dentures. Materials and methods: Ten edentulous subjects were eligible for inclusion. Two platform switching implants were placed in canine area of all patients. After three months, locator attachments remained connected to the implants, and the denture delivered with the retentive components incorporated in the denture base. Application of low grade laser for the right side implant only. At the follow-up examinations gingival index, pocket depth and marginal bone loss were evaluated at 6, 9 and 12 months.Results: The sample of ten patients, with a mean age of 51 years was included in this study. All patients attended the 12-month follow-up. Non-statistically significant difference was found between the two sides regarding the gingival index, pocket depth and the marginal bone loss.Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study the platform switching implant design ,and the application of low grade soft laser proved to be effective in preservation of alveolar crest bone height , gingival index and pocket depth..}, keywords = {complete denture,dental implant,mandibular over denture,platform switching implant,low grade soft laser}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75141.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75141_f4adff4a66865a64762eade2a885e0c4.pdf} } @article { author = {Fayad, Mostafa and Harby, Nehad}, title = {MASTICATORY PERFORMANCE AND BITE FORCE EVALUATION IN COMPLETELY EDENTULOUS PATIENTS REHABILITATED WITH DIFFERENT THERMOPLASTIC DENTURE BASE MATERIALS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1861-1869}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75143}, abstract = {Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the masticatory performance and bite force in complete denture wearer rehabilitated with thermoplastic nylon and thermoplastic acrylic resin denture base.Methods: This study was done in out patients clinics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al- Azhar University. Masticatory performance and maximum bite force were evaluated in randomly selected forty completely edentulous patients. The patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Group I: Patient received a thermoplastic acrylic complete denture. (Polyan IC TM bredent GmbH & Co.KG, Germany). Group II: Patient received a thermoplastic nylon complete denture. (Vertex™ ThermoSens, Vertex-Dental B.V. Netherlands). Masticatory performance and maximum bite force measurements were taken one week after new denture placement and after six months of denture use. Statistics were analyzed using Independent t-test to compare the masticatory performance and maximum bite force measurements between both groups.Results: After one week of new denture placement, there were no significance differences in masticatory performance and maximum bite force measurements between both groups. Masticatory performance and maximum bite force were increased considerably after six months of denture use. The masticatory performance and maximum bite force values were considerably higher in patients with a thermoplastic nylon denture than patients with thermoplastic acrylic denture with statistical significant difference after six months of denture use.Conclusion: After six months of denture use, patients with a thermoplastic nylon denture have a higher masticatory performance and biting force than patients with a thermoplastic acrylic denture. Therefore, thermoplastic nylon denture could be used in management of completely edentulous patients with diminished masticatory performance bite force.}, keywords = {Masticatory performance,bite force,Denture base materials,thermoplastic denture base}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75143.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75143_a89be54dceece325b1e4bff4249f4985.pdf} } @article { author = {Youssef, Salah and Hassan, Ahmed}, title = {EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENTS ON THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF SOME INDIRECT ESTHETIC RESTORATIONS TO DENTIN}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1871-1876}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75145}, abstract = {Aim of the study: The aim of this study was directed to evaluate the effect of air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid, and combination of air abrasion and hydrofluoric acid on the shear bond strength between dentin and CEREC, VITA VM7, and E-max. Materials and methods: 90 human lower molars were used. The teeth were divided into three groups (n=30) according to the surface treatment (air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid, and air abrasion + hydrofluoric acid. Each group was then subdivided into three subgroups (n=10) according to the ceramic material (CEREC, E-max, and VITA VM7). Shear bond strength was determined by compressive mode of force applied at ceramic-tooth interface. The collected data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: The highest mean shear bond strength value was recorded with CEREC group treated by hydrofluoric acid (8.01) while the least mean shear bond strength was recorded with Cerec group but when treated by air abrasion alone, it was (4.33). Conclusion: Hydrofluoric acid etching for various types of ceramic restoration results in the highest shear bond strength to dentin.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75145.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75145_dd9c148197f5093e2639bc41b80fa316.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghanem, Lomaya}, title = {INFLUENCE OF BLEACHING ON COLOUR AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, AND MIRCOSHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF REPAIR, FOR NOVEL HYBRID CERAMIC}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1877-1890}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75148}, abstract = {Objective: This study investigated the effect of bleaching on the colour, surface roughness, and microshear bond strength of repair composite to a hybrid ceramic material, CERASMART. Methods: This study was conducted in two parts; first effect of bleach on the colour and surface roughness, secondly effect of bleaching on mirco-shear (µSBS) bond strength. 8 Plate specimens of a CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic (CERASMART, GC) were cut using isomet saw (Beuhler, Germany). To assess colour (ΔE) and surface roughness (Ra) (n= 6) were used; and to assess microshear bond strength (µSBS) 18 specimens were prepared; (n=9) composite micro-cylinders were bonded each to an unbleached and bleached CERASMART plate. Colour and surface roughness were evaluated before, and after bleaching. A spectrophotometer was used to assess colour, surface roughness was assessed using a digital microscope at 120X magnification and an image software were analyzed using WSxM software. MicroShear bond strength (µSBS) was tested in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, using orthodontic wire loop (0.014” in diameter) wrapped around the bonded micro-cylinder. Failure modes were investigated with a digital camera at 35X. Data were analyzed with Test with α = 0.05. Results: (ΔE1.54) was more than 1 and less than 2. Mean (Ra) values were [0.2516 ± 0.0024µm] for unbleached, and [0.2511 ± 0.0025µm] for bleached, showing no statistically significant difference between resultant (Ra) values. Mean microshear bond strength (µSBS) values showed [19.6 ± 5.2 MPa] for unbleached, and [20.1 ± 3.7MPa] for bleached, showing no statistically significant difference between resultant (µSBS). Failure modes were predominately mixed (combined adhesive and cohesive in the repair material). Conclusion: Bleaching did not affect the repair potential of CERASMART material. Colour was affected however, it is not clinically perceptible. Bleaching did not affect surface roughness.Clinical implications repair can be safely performed on bleached hybrid ceramic, even immediately after bleaching without influencing the bond strength.}, keywords = {bleaching,Hybrid ceramics,nanofilled composites,PICN,bonding,ceramic and composite repair}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75148.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75148_332208ce827ce71f253337e6c87b4580.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghanem, Lomaya}, title = {INFLUENCE OF DIE SPACER APPLICATION ON MARGINAL ADAPTATION OF INDIRECT TEMPORARY CROWNS FABRICATED USING STONE AND SILICONE MODEL MATERIALS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1891-1901}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75149}, abstract = {Purpose: Evaluate and compare the effect of using die spacer on marginal accuracy and fit of indirectly fabricated temporary restorations using silicone model material and stone dies. Problem statement: Chairside temporary restorations fabricated by the direct method commonly show binding on seating, or short margins or premature contacts after temporary cementation. Temporary restorations are fabricated without spacer which may compromise the fit. Therefore it would be an advantage to provide adequate internal fitting space to optimize marginal adaptation.Methodology: Master die was typodont .Maxillary first molar was manually prepared as in an actual clinical situation. A vacuu-pressed tooth index was made before preparation to standardize the dimension of the temporary restoration. A total of twenty temporary crowns were fabricated from autopolymerizing Bis-acryl resin material and divided into two groups according to the model material used (n=10) stone (Fuji rock; type IV die stone, GC & Modellsilikon, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) poured from alginate impressions. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to spacer used; with and without spacer (n=5). Two coats (approximately 30 µm) were painted on the dies. All the fabricated temporary restorations were visually examined internally and verified for complete seating on its corresponding die. Seating and fit of each crown were evaluated on the master die and were stored in distilled water overnight till testing took place. Margins were inspected and photographed under magnification of 45X using USB Digital microscope measurements. The generated data was statistically analyzed. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05Results: There was no statistically significant difference between vertical marginal gap distances in the two groups; (79.9+15.0 µm) (66.4+10.0 µm) without spacer and with spacer respectively at P ≤ 0.05Conclusion & Clinical implications: Despite that the resulted difference in gap is insignificant however painting spacer seems to provide better cement escape vent thus easing fit, also the use of silicone model material offers a practical, speedy and simplified method to conveniently fabricate a good fitting temporary restoration.}, keywords = {Temporary restorations,temporization,Silicone model material,Die spacer,Marginal gap}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75149.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75149_1909b5c86f1ae713e0564eda25e0be5f.pdf} } @article { author = {Gawdat, Shaimaa and El-Asfouri, Heba}, title = {EFFICACY OF XP-ENDO FINISHER, PASSIVE ULTRASONIC IRRIGATION, VIBRINGE AND CONVENTIONAL SYRINGE IRRIGATION ON DEBRIS REMOVAL IN OVAL ROOT CANALS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1903-1911}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75157}, abstract = {Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of XP- Endo finisher (XP) (FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) on removal of debris from coronal, middle and apical thirds of oval root canals in comparison to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), vibringe (VB) and conventional syringe irrigation (CSI).Methods: Eighty extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were used in this study. Specimens with a standardized length of 16 mm were mechanically prepared with Race (FKG Dentaire) till # 40/4%. Teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=20) according to the final irrigant activation protocol into the following groups: CSI, PUI, XP and VB. Root canals were then split longitudinally. Digital images were acquired to evaluate the amount of debris by using a digital camera mounted on a stereomicroscope at 25x magnification and transferred to the computer and scored in mm2 and recorded as a percentage of the overall canal surface area by using image analysis software. Debris percentage was analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Results: The XP and PUI groups revealed significantly lower debris percentage than the other groups in the coronal, middle, and apical regions (P≤0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between XP and PUI. Regarding all systems the coronal third was cleaner than the apical thirds. Conclusions: In our study, none of the activation systems completely removed the debris from the root canal walls; nevertheless, the XP and PUI showed the best results along all thirds in comparison to the other systems.}, keywords = {oval canals,Debris,XP- endo finisher,passive ultrasonic irrigation,vibringe,conventional syringe irrigation}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75157.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75157_790eb7b111cb9979a33e90d6bef1d443.pdf} } @article { author = {Bedier, Marwa and Abu El-Dahab, Omniya}, title = {CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ROOT CANAL TRANSPORTATION AND CENTERING ABILITY USING ROTARY AND RECIPROCATING SYSTEMS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1913-1922}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75161}, abstract = {Objectives The aim of the current study was to evaluate the canal transportation and centering ability of Neoniti and WaveOne in curved canals in three levels (apical, middle and coronal) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology Thirty mandibular first and second molars were collected then access cavity was prepared in each tooth. Only teeth with mesiobuccal canals with angle of curvature ranged between 25- 40° according to Schneider’s method were selected then the samples were divided into two equal groups; Group A, Neoniti and Group B, WaveOne. Canal transportation and centric ability of each group were evaluated after instrumentation using CBCT at the three cross-section planes (apical, middle and coronal). Comparisons between the cross-sections and the two instruments were carried out using Oneway-ANOVA, student’s t-test and comparison between Categorical data were done by chi square test or fisher exact, p≤0.05. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two single file systems regarding canal transportation in all cross-sections (p≥0.05) and both instruments were able to remain centered in the canal with different degreesConclusion canal transportation and centering ability of Neoniti with full rotation motion did not significantly differ from that of WaveOne with reciprocation motion, other factors than the motion pattern may affect the canal transportation and centering ability of the single-file.}, keywords = {Canal transportation,Cone Beam Computed Tomograpghy,Curved canal,Neoniti,WaveOne}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75161.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75161_acec1ad50f21c840c8925140570a6961.pdf} } @article { author = {Baraka, Yasser}, title = {THE MASTICATORY EFFICIENCY OF COMPLETE DENTURE WEARERS WITH OCCLUSAL PLANE ORIENTATION USING CAMPER’S LINE WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE TRAGUS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1923-1930}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75167}, abstract = {Peter Camper described ala-tragus line for orientation of antro-posterior occlusal plane and defined it as a line running from the lower border of the ala of the nose to the tragus of the ear. Camper never mentioned exact point of reference for this line of the tragus of the ear; superior, inferior or middle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing the posterior reference point of ala-tragus line on masticatory efficiency of complete denture wearers.Subjects and method : Ten completely edentulous patients were selected. For each patient new complete denture was constructed. The denture anterior teeth were set to meet the esthetic needs with minimal incisal guidance as much as possible. Posterior anatomic form teeth were arranged in balanced articulation with the posterior occlusal plane follow the ala tragus line at the middle point of tragus. Then, the denture posterior segments were exchanged twice to orient occlusal plane parallel to the ala tragus line at the superior and the inferior points of tragus, respectively. After three months of each new and modified denture use, masticatory efficiency test was carried out.Results: There were no significant differences of all masticatory efficiency parameters (when patients were chewing apple, peanut and carrot) with the occlusal plane oriented parallel to the Camper’s line using the three levels of the tragus.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the use of any posterior point of tragus for occlusal plane orientation is acceptable at the point of masticatory efficiency.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75167.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75167_04aee94c9df218c1d3c0aeb63bce2c78.pdf} } @article { author = {Abu Taleb, Faten}, title = {CHEWING EFFICIENCY OUTCOME OF USING A SOFT LINER WITH IMPLANT RETAINED LOWER SINGLE COMPLETE OVER DENTURE}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1931-1938}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75168}, abstract = {Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using a soft liner with locator attachment retained lower single complete over denture on the chewing efficiency.Methodology: Seven patients aged 55-65 year had completely edentulous mandible opposing dentulous maxilla were selected for this study. All patients received a lower single complete over denture constructed over two implants, placed at the canine region and retained with locator attachment. After 3 months of denture using, the patient underwent soft lining of their overdenture. Chewing efficiency was evaluated three months after wearing denture without a soft liner (first measurement) and 3 months again after wearing the relined denture (second measurement) using the two colored chewing gum mixing ability test. Results: There were statistically significant lower mean scores of the unmixed fraction of chewing gum value for all the chewing cycles of patients wearing lower single complete implant retained overdenture with locator attachment and soft liner compared to scores obtained with those patients wearing overdenture without a soft liner.Conclusion: Using a soft liner with mandibular single complete overdenture that retained with locator attachment improves the chewing efficiency.}, keywords = {Single mandibular complete denture –Implant retained over denture- Locator attachment-Soft liner}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75168.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75168_c8ebbb73f0b70e310e84d99d1ff549a9.pdf} } @article { author = {Mandour, Mona}, title = {WEAR PERFORMANCE OF THREE CAD/CAM MONOLITHIC RESTORATIONS: TWO-BODY WEAR AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1939-1953}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75172}, abstract = {Statement of the problem: The use of monolithic ceramic restorations is rapidly increasing. However, there is a rising concern about their wear performance against antagonist enamel.Objective: The present study aimed at ranking and comparing the wear performance of three CAD/CAM monolithic ceramic materials and their effect on the wear and surface roughness of their antagonist enamel.Materials and methods: Five cylindrical discs (n=5) were constructed from each of: BruxZir zirconia, IPS e.max CAD lithium disilicate based ceramic and Enamic hybrid ceramic representing three types of monolithic restorations (N=15). Ceramic samples were polished till obtaining convergent surface roughness values of the three materials. Enamel antagonists were prepared as sectioned buccal cusps of maxillary first premolars (N=15). Baseline surface roughness and weight values were obtained using optical surface profiler and sensitive balance, respectively, for all samples (ceramic discs and their antagonist cusps) prior to subjecting the samples to chewing simulation procedure test including the application of 5kg (49N) load for 120,000 cycle with vertical movement 1mm, horizontal movement 3mm and frequency 1.6Hz. Weight loss was calculated for all samples (ceramic discs and their antagonists) as an indication of wear. In addition, change in surface roughness was calculated using optical surface profiler. Obtained data were statistically analyzed.Results: The statistically significant highest mean material’s weight loss was recorded in Enamic group, whereas the statistically significant lowest mean weight loss was recorded in BruxZir group. The statistically significant greatest mean antagonist weight loss was recorded for e.max antagonist cusp, whereas the statistically significant lowest mean weight loss was recorded for Enamic antagonist cusp. Surface roughness increased after wear procedure in all samples.Conclusions: Monolithic hybrid ceramic (Enamic) and zirconia (BruxZir) produce less wear in opposing teeth compared to lithium disilicate based ceramics (e.max CAD). However, hybrid ceramic is more affected by wear compared to zirconia.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75172.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75172_961051ffc990975a9113131a73b92aa7.pdf} } @article { author = {Khorshid, Heba and Sheta, Nora}, title = {THE EFFECT OF ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR SPREAD AND CANTILEVER LENGTH ON THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURES OF MAXILLARY SCREW RETAINED PROSTHESIS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1955-1964}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75174}, abstract = {Purpose: The Target of this work was to study the effect of three different ratios of anterior-posterior spread to the cantilever length on the supporting structures of implant- screw retained maxillary prosthesis ; Materials and Methods: In this study, maxillary implant screw retained prostheses were placed in fifteen completely edentulous patients. Each patient received six implants in the maxilla. Patients were divided into three equal groups; Group I, II & III according to the ratio of anterior-posterior implant spread to the cantilevers lengths (CL/ AP). The / CL AP ratio was 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 in the three groups respectively. In this Study, crestal bone height changes around each implant were evaluated at time of prostheses insertion, four, eight and twenty-four months later using CBCT. Results: The results of this study revealed that the least bone height loss was noticed in Group III. Statistically significant difference was reported between Groups I, II& III in bone height loss.Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it might be concluded that the cantilever extension to antero-posterior implant spread with 1:3 ratio might have induced the least crestal bone height loss around each implant in maxillary screw retained prostheses.}, keywords = {edentulous maxillae,screw retained restorations,anterio-posterior spread,cantilever length}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75174.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75174_2e9fd1e8e9de6fcd2a7e781173501916.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel Nabi, Nouran and Khorshid, Heba}, title = {A CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPLANT STABILITY AND BONE HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS AFTER A ONE YEAR FOLLOW UP}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1965-1971}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75177}, abstract = {Background: Implant stability and bone height measurements have been identified as an important criteria for maintaining and achieving successful Osseo integration. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) under the brand name of Osstell has been used to monitor implant stability during the various follow ups of clinical research owing to its high reproducibility. Cone beam CT (CBCT), recently has proved to be a valuable tool to detect bone height measurements in 3dimensions.Materials and Methods: Three implants were installed in the mandibular inter-formainal region of ten completely edentulous patients. After three month from implant installation patients were divided randomly into two groups; ball attachment and locator attachment. Implant stability was recorded for all patients initially during implant installation and at the day of delivery of the attachment, then after 12 month follow up. CBCT was made for all patients at the day of loading and then after 12 month follow up period. A correlation between the ISQ values of all implants in both groups of patients and bone height measurements was made after a 12 month follow up. Results: After a one year follow up, there was a significant poor positive correlation r =0.114, p (2-tailed) ≤0.001, between implant stability recorded using the Osstell (RFA), and bone height measurements recorded from CBCT.Discussion: Osstell has proven to be used as a reliable tool for measuring the stiffness of bone –implant contact. An increase in the Osstell readings (ISQ values), would indicate an increase in implant stability during the different follow up intervals. Additionally, an increase in bone height measurements from CBCT, will indicate an increase in the amount of bone to implant contact. When correlating the implant stability values and the bone height measurements, a poor positive correlation was detected, indicating that over a one year follow up, an increase in implant stability (ISQ value) will be accompanied by an increase of bone to implant contact.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75177.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75177_654b6c9dd4ea0fdabc6d73070e1097e5.pdf} } @article { author = {Fayyad, Ahmed and Abdel Nabi, Nouran}, title = {THE EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT ATTACHMENTS WITH IMPLANT RETAINED MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURES ON PATIENT SATISFACTION AND MASTICATORY FUNCTION}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1973-1981}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75180}, abstract = {Background: Dental implants have solved all of the problems of retention and stability of conventional complete dentures. The improved retention and stability of overdentures retained by two, three or four implants have resulted in an improvement in overall patient satisfaction, together with improvement in the chewing ability and biting force. The choice of selection of the type of attachment will mainly depend upon the need for stabilization against horizontal forces. Rigid attachments have been advocated to provide optimum stabilization against horizontal forces.Materials and Methods: Three interforaminal implants have been installed in the edentulous mandible of twelve completely edentulous patients. After 3 month from implant installation the patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; the first group received a ball attachment, while the second group received a parallel wall telescopic attachment. All patients received new complete dentures fabricated with a chroum-cobalt framework embedded in the fitting surface of the denture. Satisfaction, masticatory ability and the biting force were recorded for all patients in both groups at the following intervals; before implant installation, 2 weeks after loading, 3 month after loading and after a 1 year follow up.Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in patient satisfaction between the conventional complete denture before implant installation and the implant supported overdenture after implant installation, with in each group of patients. When comparing between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference with regards to patient satisfaction , chewing ability and biting force after a 1 year follow up, with a slightly higher mean score value in the telescopic attachment group.Discussion: Placement of 3 interforamenal implants with ball attachment with a chrome-cobalt framework embedded in the fitting surface of the complete dentures have limited the resiliency of the ball attachment and so decreased the liability of movement or fracture of the overdenture. When comparing the splinted ball attachment with the rigid splinted parallel wall telescopic attachment,}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75180.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75180_857e13408427f1dc5711c3383939cfe5.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsayed, Hadeel and Essa, Mona and Zayed, M.}, title = {DENTIN BOND EFFICACY OF COMPOSITE RESIN RESTORATIONS USING RESIN INFILTRANT}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1983-1993}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75185}, abstract = {Aim: To evaluate the bond efficacy of direct resin composite restorations bonded by three different dentin adhesives an etch-and-rinse, self-etch and resin infiltrant (ICON) using microtensile bond strength testing and Analyze their failure mode. Methodology: Thirty molar teeth were selected and thoroughly cleaned. Each tooth was vertically embedded into self-curing acrylic resin up to the level of the cervical line. The occlusal enamel of teeth was removed perpendicular to the long axis of teeth to expose flat dentin surface at a standardized depth. The teeth were divided into three main groups of 10 teeth each; using Etch and rinse adhesive system control group A1 (All-bond Universal, Bisco), self-etch adhesive system group A2 (All-bond Universal, Bisco) and resin infiltrant group A3 (Icon). Direct resin composite nano-hybrid universal composite (FiltekTM Z250 XT, 3M ESPE) cores were build up on the flat dentin surfaces treated with different adhesive systems. The restored teeth were subjected to thermo-cycling at 5°C and 55°C for 2000cycle. Then each tooth was mounted on the cutting machine, sectioned into a series of 1 mm thick. The sticks were stressed to failure under tension using Universal Testing Machine to record the microtensile bond strength. The fractured sticks were evaluated for bond failure mode under a stereomicroscope at 40X magnification to detect the mode of failure. The collected data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Etch-and-rinse (A1) control group showed the highest significant mean Microtensile bond strength (MPa) followed by Self-etch adhesive (A2) followed by Resin infiltrant (ICON) (A3) at p≤0.001. The result of the stereomicroscopic examination revealed adhesive and cohesive failure mode in composite. The predominant mode of failure using resin infiltrant group A3 (Icon) and self-etch adhesive system group A2 group was adhesive failure with a higher percentage in resin infiltrant A3 (Icon) group 100%. On the other hand cohesive in composite is the predominant mode of failure using the Etch and rinse adhesive system group A1 80%. Conclusion: The use of resin infiltrant (Icon) as an adhesive material impaired efficacy of the microtensile bond strength of direct resin composite to sound dentin .}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75185.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75185_f36e71b642efa9fe7e5ab0bd7b2cac9f.pdf} } @article { author = {Taymour, Maha and Kheireldin, Ashraf}, title = {IN VITRO SHEAR BOND STRENGTH ASSESSMENT BETWEEN CERAMIC REPAIR SYSTEM AND TWO BILAYERED CERAMICS HAVING DIFFERENT PERCENTAGES OF REMAINING CERAMIC VENEERS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {1995-2005}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75188}, abstract = {Statement of the problem Despite improvements in dental ceramics, failure of bilayered restorations mainly by chipping and delamination of veneer with different degrees remains a disadvantage of this type of restorations. Accordingly the need for ceramic restoration repair became a widspread alternative to replacement of defective restorations especially in complex cases . However it is not always easy for the clinician to select the best repair protocol when dealing with different ceramic types and different chipping patterns.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between a commercially available repair system (Ceramic Repair kit) with a lithium disilicate glass ceramic (e.max CAD) and zirconia based ceramic (InCoris ZI) subjected to different degrees of veneering ceramic chipping..Materials and Methods: A total of sixty ceramic samples were designed and fabricated in this study using the CAD/CAM technology . The samples were divided into two groups; Group 1: Thirty samples constructed from lithium disilicate glass ceramic (e.max CAD). Group 2: Thirty samples constructed from zirconia ceramic (InCoris ZI). Each of the previous groups was further subdivided into three equal subgroups depending on the amount of bonded repair material to the ceramic core and to the veneering ceramic: Subgroup 1 (control): Ten samples with ceramic repair material bonded directly onto the ceramic core (100% core). Subgroup 2: Ten samples with 25% of the ceramic repair material surface bonded to veneering ceramic surfaces, and the other 75% to ceramic core and Subgroup 3: Ten samples with 50% of the ceramic repair material surface bonded to veneering ceramic, and the other 50% to ceramic core. Shear bond strength test was done by loading the samples parallel to its the long axis at the composite ceramic interface at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture . The maximum load at failure was recorded in Newtons (N) unit and was divided over the bonded area(mm2) to convert to MPa unit. Data was then collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75188.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75188_448c481886402294462b208bb70491fa.pdf} } @article { author = {Zohdy, Maged}, title = {EFFECT OF DIFFERENT THICKNESSES AND TWO SHADES OF TWO CERAMIC MATERIALS ON THE DEGREE OF CONVERSION OF A LIGHT CURED RESIN CEMENT}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2007-2015}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75191}, abstract = {Statement of the problem: The success of a ceramic restoration depends primarily on the durability of the bond between ceramic and luting agent, and respectively between luting agent and enamel and dentin. When using composite resin as a luting material, the bond strength will be determined by achieving adequate resin polymerization which is affected by ceramic shade and thickness that interferes with light transmittance resulting in a decrease in the total energy reaching the luting cement.Objective: This research was designed to evaluate the degree of monomer conversion of light cured resin cement under two ceramic materials (Lithium Disilicate, ultra translucent zirconia) using Different thicknesses (0.4 mm, 0.7mm, 1.0 mm). The degree of conversion is measured by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy).Materials and methods: light cure resin cement (rely X veneer, 3M) was used as manufacturer’s instructions with film thickness of 0.1mm, and cured for 20 seconds using Bluephase (Ivoclar Vivadent) 1200 mW/cm2 curing done through 14×14 specimens of two types of materials (ulta-translucent zirconia katana UT, lithium disilicate e-max) with two shades (A1, A3) and different thicknesses (0.4 mm ,0.7mm, 1 mm). Then the degree of conversion of each sample evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, (Nicolet 6700)Results: One-Way ANOVA revealed no significant difference between different thicknesses of the ceramic material on the degree of conversion of resin cement (P>0.05). While there was a significant difference between different shades of the ceramics on its degree of conversion (P≤0.05). ceramics with the shade A3 showed lower degree of conversion than ceramics with the shade A1, and there was a significant differences between the two types of ceramic materials on the degree of conversion of resin cement with the lithium disilicate material showing a higher degree of conversion than the ultra-translucent zirconia (P≤0.05).Conclusion: Thicknesses up to 1.0 mm has no significant effect on the polymerization of resin cements, Lighter shades transmit more light to the underlying cement than darker ones, Lithium disilicate has higher translucency and allow more conversion of monomer to polymer in the underlying cement.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75191.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75191_a78506d228f3adfa925a4d0865aeb4fb.pdf} } @article { author = {Zohdy, Maged}, title = {THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENTS ON MICRO-SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF TWO RESIN LUTING AGENTS TO MONOLITHIC ZIRCONIA}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2017-2028}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75192}, abstract = {Purpose. Establishing a reliable bond to zirconia-based materials has proven to be difficult which is the major limitation against fabricating adhesive zirconia restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the micro-shear bond strength of 2 dual-cured adhesive cements to monolithic zirconium oxide ceramic after different surface conditioning treatments. Material and methods Eighteen 14 × 14 × 1 mm monolithic zirconia ceramic plates were sliced from their respective block by using a low speed diamond saw \. The plates were divided into three groups, and three different surface treatments were performed: (1) no treatment (NT); (2) airborne-particle abrasion with 110-μm alumina particles (SB); (3) silica coating with Rocatec soft system (aluminum oxide of 30 µm grain size modified with silica) (CT). Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to the resin cement; Panavia v5 with clearfil primer plus (Kurary, Japan) and RelyX Unicem (3M/ESPE, USA). Then, ten composite resin cylinders (0.8-mm diameter × 0.5-mm height) were light-polymerized onto the ceramic plates in each subgroup. Each specimen was subjected to a shear load at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture occurred. The fracture sites were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the location of failure during debonding and to examine the surface treatment effects. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were made using Fisher’s test at pResults. Micro-shear bond strength was significantly affected by the surface treatment and by the type of resin cement. Panavia v5 showed higher significant results in comparison to RelyX Unicem. Surface treatment with CT was highly significant with both cements, followed by SB and then by NT. SEM examination revealed predominantly cohesive failures within the resin cements for CT group, mixed failures within SB group and predominantly adhesive failure at the interfacial area within NT group. Conclusions: The micro-shear bond strength of resin cement to partially stabilized zirconia ceramics varied significantly depending on the type of resin luting agent and surface treatment method. The tribochemical silica coating of zirconia surfaces in combination with MDP-containing primer- resin cement (Panavia v5) showed a superior performance}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75192.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75192_d4569561ce1245b8dbd29bfa3d7531ec.pdf} } @article { author = {Badr, Amr}, title = {PATIENT SATISFACTION AND PROSTHETIC MAINTENANCE WITHIN-SUBJECTS TREATED WITH CONVENTIONAL COMPLETE DENTURE AND TELESCOPIC IMPLANT OVERDENTURES}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2029-2038}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75193}, abstract = {Purpose: the aim of this study was to compare the patient satisfaction and prosthetic maintenance with conventional complete denture versus telescopic overdenture for the same patient.Materials and method: Eight completely edentulous male patients were selected to receive complete dentures for six months. after 6 months period all the patients received four interforaminal implants followed by construction of telescopic overdenture. during the two designs periods both patient satisfaction (VAS) and proshetic maintenance were analysed.Results: The obtained data revealed that the parameters of VAS for group II (Telescopic overdentures) were significantly higher for items 1,3,4 and 6 (satisfaction, speech, stability and chewing ability) as p- value is less than 0.001. However, the ratings for the same group were significantly lower for items 2, 5, 7and 8, that is, comfort with the denture, handling of dentures, metallic taste and ease of hygiene procedure (p <.001) as compared with the groupI (conventional complete dentures). The overall number of maintenance interventions and service provided was equal to 8 in group I and to 9 in group II, respectively. Table 2 gives an overview of the maintenance performed for both groups. more interventions were counted for group I, regarding items 10,11, and 12 (sore spots, relining and occlusal adjustments).While there were more maintenance interventions counted for group II, regarding items 6,9.and 14 (denture base resin fracture, changing the denture design and excessive tooth wear). But regarding the rest of items, there was no maintenance intervention at all for both groups.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study the following conclusions can be made:1. Edentulous patients who selected and included in this study were satisfied with both designs, however mandibular telescopic overdentures showed significant improvement in visual analouge scale regarding overall satisfaction, speech, stability and chewing ability compared to mandibular conventional complete dentures worn for the same period (6 months).2- Overall prosthetic maintenance required for telescopic overdenture is slightly more than that needed for conventional dentures.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75193.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75193_4cbee0900ad8032bdfbd1c24a982ea7b.pdf} } @article { author = {Badr, Amr and El-Asfahani, Iman}, title = {EVALUATION OF MARGINAL BONE LOSS AND PATIENT SATISFACTION IN SINGLE IMPLANT RETAINED MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURE USING TWO DIFFERENT ATTACHMENT DESIGNS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2039-2048}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75195}, abstract = {The aim of this study: is to evaluate the marginal bone level changes radiographically and patient satisfaction in immediately loaded single implant retaining mandibular overdenture using two different attachment designs (ball and socket versus telescopic). Materials and Methods: Twenty completely edentulous patients were selected for inclusion in this study. All patients received new maxillary and mandibular dentures. One single para-symphyseal implant was inserted for each patient, immediate loading protocol was done. The patients were divided randomly to have either ball and socket attachment or telescopic attachment. In both groups, radiographic evaluation was done using the standardized long cone peri-apical technique to detect the peri-implant marginal bone level mesial and distal to the implants at two intervals (0-6 months and 0-12 months). Patient satisfaction was evaluated by OHIP-EDENT questionnaire at loading time (baseline), 6 and 12 months after loading. The data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed.Results: During the follow-up periods, the marginal bone level around each implant was recorded mesially and distally in both groups (at loading time, after 6 months and after 12 months). .There was no significant difference at the follow-up intervals between the marginal bone loss mesially and distally. There was no statistically significance between the two groups at the 1st and 2nd intervals. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference between the mean bone level change at the 1st interval and the 2nd interval in each group. As the P-Value is 0.000. This means that there is a direct correlation between time and the marginal bone loss. According to the patient satisfaction by OHIP-EDENT questionnaire, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, the patient satisfaction remained high after treatment with immediately loaded mandibular overdentures supported by one titanium dental implants at the para-symphyseal region in both attachment designs. The telescopic attachment with immediately loaded single implant mandibular overdenture can be a viable and promising treatment option for edentulous patients. It can be as efficient as the ball and socket attachment. Long-term observations and outcomes are needed before recommending it as a treatment modality.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75195.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75195_a309a01cfba92ec33b10e2659950e098.pdf} } @article { author = {Asal, Safa’a}, title = {DETERMINATION OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH WIDTH FOR A COMPLETELY EDENTULOUS PATIENT: PART II 3ASAL METHODOLOGY}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2049-2052}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75196}, abstract = {One of the most perplexing aspects of complete denture prosthodontics is the selection of appropriate maxillary anterior denture teeth size, particularly when no pre-extraction records are available. Despite the fact that the use of interalar distance, interpupillary distance, as well as distance between the medialis angles of the eyes are considered, to some extent, a reliable guide for determining the size of the maxillary anterior teeth, the literature on dentistry does not recommend one crucial method. This study is the second part of a series of research papers focusing mainly on the determination of maxillary anterior teeth width for a completely edentulous patient. The aim of the series is to suggest a new methodology for determining the maxillary anterior teeth mesiodistal width, based on certain stable guides that were derived from dentate casts with angle class I arch relationship and normal teeth alignment. These guides include basically the AB (the distance measured from the mesio-incisal angles of the maxillary central incisors along the midline and perpendicular to the intercanine (IC) line) mean distance obtained from the first study, the midline of the palate, and the arch form. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75196.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75196_5bddf5ffe9a47ea259c3dc9a6dc1e45a.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelrahim, Ramy and Beshr, Khaled}, title = {EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGANT SOLUTIONS ON MICROHARDNESS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF HUMAN ROOT CANAL DENTIN}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2053-2059}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75202}, abstract = {Context: Smear layer is a negative factor which prevents adhesion of the filling material to the dentinal walls. Chelating agents are used during cleaning and shaping of the root canals to remove the smear layer. Aims: To evaluate the effect of 17% EDTA, 19 % citric acid and 7 % malic acid solutions on microhardness and surface roughness of root canal dentin.Materials and Methods: Eighty root halves of single-rooted teeth were divided into four groups (20 specimen for each) and subjected to different chemical treatments as follows: Group I – 17 % EDTA, Group II – 19 % citric acid, Group III – 7 % malic acid and Group IV - Saline as a control group. Each group was divided into two subgroup ‘a’ and ‘b’ (10 specimen for each). ‘a’ group were subjected to microhardness testing and ‘b’ group were subjected to surface roughness testing.Statistical Analysis Used: Results were subjected to One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Difference in microhardness values was significant among all investigated groups. Malic acid decreased the overall microhardness of the root canal dentin more than other irrigants. Citric acid caused minimum reduction in microhardness. Maximum increase in surface roughness was seen in malic acid group and minimum increase in EDTA group. Conclusions: Malic acid, EDTA and citric acid drastically reduce the microhardness and increase the surface roughness of radicular dentin. Citric acid caused minimum reduction in microhardness and malic acid caused maximum increase in surface roughness.}, keywords = {EDTA,Citric acid,Malic acid,Microhardness,Surface roughness,Irrigant solutions,Radicular dentin}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75202.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75202_669c987159666c5e4c2497760634a903.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Doaa and Ghobashy, Ahmed and El Banna, Mai}, title = {MICROLEAKAGE AND FACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH RESTORED WITH BULK-FILL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2061-2071}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75204}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the effect of bulk-fill restorative techniques on microleakage and fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.Material and Methods: Eighty maxillary second premolars were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n=20). All teeth received class II cavity preparations followed by endodontic treatment. In Group I, 4mm of flowable bulk-fill material (Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill - TEFBF) were applied then overlaid with bulk-fill restorative resin (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill - TECBF). In Group II, only Bulk Fill restorative resin (TECBF) was used to restore the entire preparation. In Group III: 1mm of conventional nanohybrid flowable composite (Tetric EvoFlow - TEF) was applied then overlaid with conventional nanohybrid composite (Tetric EvoCeram - TEC) using incremental layering technique. In Group IV, only conventional nanohybrid composite (TEV) with incremental layering was used. All specimens were then subjected to a thermocycling regimen. Microleakage was evaluated on half of the specimens by dye penetration at the tooth restoration interface. The remaining specimens were subjected to fracture resistance testing under occlusal load and the results analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, with significance set at p=0.05.Results: Specimens in Groups I and III showed dye penetration reaching the depth of the axial walls while none was observed in Groups II and IV. Groups I and II showed significantly higher fracture strength compared to groups III and IV.Conclusion: 1- The use of bulk-fill restorative technique improved the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth. 2- The use of bulk fill resin did not affect the cervical microleakage of restorations. 3- Both bulk fill resin and conventional nanohybrid resin restorations have greater tendency for cervical microleakage when flowable resin is used underneath them.}, keywords = {Microleakage,Fracture resistance,endodontically treated premolars,Bulk-fill}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75204.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75204_86250e04022e5e96fa7b8d7843622b74.pdf} } @article { author = {Altaweel, Alaa and Ismail, Hussein}, title = {TREATMENT OF INTERNAL DERANGEMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF OCCLUSAL SPLINTS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2073-2081}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75206}, abstract = {Purpose of study: This study aimed to evaluate masticatory muscle function by using electromyography and compare the final outcome of treatment of ADDWR by using centric and anterior repositioning splint. Patient and methods: this study was conducted on 20 patients with mean age of 29.5±3.4 complaining of anterior disc displacement with reduction of TMJ. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: I- centric splints, II- anterior repositioning splints. All patients were assessed by evaluating TMJ pain and muscle palpation, interincisal distance, joint sounds and visual analogue scale (VAS). This clinical examination was done before treatment and at 15, 30, 90, and 180 days after treatment. Also, electromyography evaluation of masseter and temporalis muscles was performed preoperative and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Result: In both groups, joint pain, joint click, muscle pain and interincisal distance were improved significantly. Also, significant improvement in mean amplitude and duration of masseter and temporalis muscles was achieved. There was no significant statistical difference between both groups. Conclusion: The treatment of anterior disc displacement with reduction of TMJ with either of the two types of splint was acceptably successful and a significant reduction in the leading symptoms could be achieved. The use of occlusal splint is efficient to improve the electrical activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75206.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75206_8514bc0cd40505f19ba558775de15ed9.pdf} } @article { author = {Sallam, Hanaa and Eldwakhly, Elzahraa}, title = {TRANSLUCENCY AND BIAXIAL FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF MONOLITHIC ZIRCONIA AS AFFECTED BY SINTERING SPEEDS}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2083-2099}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75207}, abstract = {Statement of the problem: Approaches towards reducing fixed prosthetic restoration fabrication times include; (CAD/CAM) chair side systems in addition to rapid sintering cycles, which can be carried out in minutes rather than hours in order to deliver zirconia-based restorations in one visit .However, limited information is available regarding the effect of rapid sintering on properties of monolithic translucent zirconia.Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing the sintering speed (classic, speed and super speed cycles) on translucency and biaxial flexural strength of monolithic translucent zirconia before and after thermodynamic aging.Materials & Methods: 36 monolithic translucent zirconia discs (10mm diameter×0.8mm thickness) were CAD/CAM fabricated from translucent zirconia blocks(In Coris TZI) and randomly divided into three main groups (n=12 each) according to the sintering speed; group I: samples sintered by classic sintering cycle (sintering at 1510°C for 120 min holding time & 8 hours total cycle time), group II: speed sintering (sintering at 1540°C for 25 min holding time & 2 hours total cycle time) and group III: super speed sintering (sintering at 1580°C for 10 min holding time representing the total firing cycle). In each group, half of the samples were evaluated in the non-aged condition (subgroup1, n=6) while the other half were evaluated after thermodynamic aging (subgroup2, n=6) in a chewing simulator. Translucency parameter (TP) and contrast ratio (CR) were measured using a digital reflective spectrophotometer. Biaxial flexural strength (MPa) was tested using piston on three ball technique in a universal testing machine. Representative sample from each subgroup was analyzed by Scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests ( P ≤ 0.05).Results: Two-way ANOVA revealed that sintering speed and thermodynamic aging had a statistically significant effect on mean (TP), (CR).Either before or after aging, classic cycle showed the statistically significantly highest mean (TP) & lowest (CR) values. On the other hand, biaxial flexural strength was statistically significantly affected by the sintering speed only and not by thermodynamic aging; the super speed cycle registered the lowest mean biaxial flexural strength before and after thermodynamic aging.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75207.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75207_4577a60b708ade1e7b6329a6b4d30a31.pdf} } @article { author = {Gomaa, Madiha and Abdulbaky, Mahmoud and Elfar, BDS, and Sadek, Hani}, title = {EFFICACY OF RECIPROC R40 AND REVO-S IN PREPARATION OF OVAL ROOT CANALS- AN EX-VIVO CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2101-2112}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75209}, abstract = {Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Revo-S and Reciproc R40 NiTi files in preparation of oval root canals using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methodology: Forty extracted single rooted premolars were divided into 2 groups (n=20). Group 1 (R-S) were prepared with Revo-S up to size #40/.06. Group 2 (R40) were prepared to the same size with a single file R40. Pre- and post-instrumentation CBCT scanning was done. Calculated parameters were: increase (D) in canal volume and surface area. Transportation, centering ability, and untouched canal areas were tested at 3, 6, 9 mms axial sections. Statistical analyses were made using Mann-Whitney U and Friedman’s test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Significant increase in D volume (P =.000 and P=.003 for R-S and R40 respectively) and D surface area (P =0.048 and P =0.038 for R-S and R40 respectively) was found for both instrumentation kinematics with no significant differences between them. Canals’ transportation and decreased centering ratio were detected in both groups at all tested levels with insignificant smaller values in the M-D direction. Exception was found at 9mm level where a significantly highest transportation was found in R-S group (P= 0.022). Both instruments left untouched canal areas which were insignificantly greater in R-S group (26.5 ± 8.93% for R40 and 31.7 ± 4.96% for R-S). Conclusions: The tested systems caused small canal transportation with a comparatively better centering for Reciproc R40. Irrespective of the instrumentation kinematic, circumferential preparation of oval canals remains an inherent incapability. CBCT is a valuable tool allowing calculation of the canals’ volume.}, keywords = {Instrumentation kinematics,Oval root canals,Computed tomography,Root canal volume,Revo-S,Reciproc}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75209.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75209_66c853cfa7c4c3dad9a6dadb989d690d.pdf} } @article { author = {Nassouhy, Nagla and Fahmy, Ahmed}, title = {RESONANCE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF GROWTH FACTORS AND CYTOKINES IN IMMEDIATE IMPLANT PLACEMENT OVERDENTURES}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2113-2121}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75211}, abstract = {Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the effect of growth factors and cytokines present in platelet rich fibrin (PRF) on the stability of immediately placed implants as measured by resonance frequency analysis for implant overdentures.Materials and Methods: Seven patients with one remaining cuspid or bicuspid indicated for extraction on each side of the mandibular arch were selected for the study. After atraumatic extraction, the first implant was inserted without grafting material while the second implant was placed with PRF grafting material. Implant stability was measured using resonance frequency analysis by the Osstelle device at the time of implant placement and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after implant placement. An implant overdenture using Locator attachments was fabricated and delivered to each patient.Results: The results of this study showed higher ISQ values for the second implant than the first implant at the time of implant placement, but the difference was not statistically significant. A statistically significant increase in implant stability for both implants was found at all follow-up appointments. On comparing the two implants, the second implant had significantly higher implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at every follow-up appointment than the first implant. At the end of the 8-week follow-up period, the second implant showed significantly higher ISQ values than the first implant.Conclusions: Growth factors and cytokines present within PRF grafting material can be used with immediate implant placement to enhance implant stability of during the early stages of healing.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75211.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75211_7823dc9cf782be1c3629ab4ac99b2391.pdf} } @article { author = {Shinawi, Lana}, title = {PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH IMPLANT RETAINED PROSTHESIS PROVIDED BY RESIDENTS AT KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY- FACULTY OF DENTISTRY (KAUFD) AND KING FAHD ARMED FORCES HOSPITAL (KFAFH)}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {63}, number = {Issue 2 - April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)}, pages = {2123-2129}, year = {2017}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2017.75213}, abstract = {Aim: To evaluate patients’ satisfaction following treatment with implant supported prosthesis. Methods: 70 patients were requested to complete a standardized survey over the phone to rate their satisfaction following treatment with dental implants at King Abdulaziz University- Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD) and King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital (KFAFH) that was provided by residents post graduates in the implant fellowship program. The questionnaire included patients general information, the location of the implant placed as well as the type of prosthesis provided and patients opinion with regards to cost, treatment duration and choice of treatment. Results: 30% of the patients received treatment at KFAFH, while 70% were treated at KAUFD 65.7% of the patients were employed with 39% of those working in the military sector. The treatment duration was reported to be less than one year in 57.1% of the cases. As for the location of the implant, most were placed in the posterior region (84.3%) and 52.9% were placed in the mandibular arch with 87% were restored using fixed prosthesis. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients were completely satisfied with implant therapy and would recommend it to others. The only complained was due to the lengthy appointments needed for treatment.}, keywords = {patient satisfaction,Dental implants,Implant Supported Prosthesis,Survey}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75213.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_75213_0262dbf3f698de929c76e0eb063eec9a.pdf} }