@article { author = {Alshuhail, Ola and Albajadley, Aryaf and Almousa, Bashaer and Albadrani, Dalal and Bin Saleh, Eman and Aljebreen, Sarah}, title = {Medical Profile of Patients Attending Dental Primary Care Clinics in King Saud University, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {293-300}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.42999.1264}, abstract = {Background: Advancement of health care was salient which resulted in more people living longer with complex medical conditions seeking dental care. Objective: To assess the medical profile of patients attending primary dental care clinics in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods medical records of 312 adult female patients who presented to primary care clinic and filled the standardized medical questionnaire in the period from 9th of July to 9th of August 2017 were randomly selected and reviewed. Collection of data was done which included demographic data, chief complaint, medications, and current medical condition Results: The age group ranged from 18 to 77 years old, (28%) of patients have at least one medical condition, and 22.44% of patients are taking medications. The most common medical condition was anemia (11.9%) followed by short of breath (6.1%), chest pain and diabetes mellitus (DM) (5.4%), hepatitis (3.8%), ankle swelling (3.5%), bleeding disorder (2.6%), asthma and arthritis (2.2%), heart trouble (1.0%), Rheumatic arthritis, Kidney trouble, Hepatitis and Cancer (0.3%). Age category (forty-six to fifty-five years old) had the highest rate of medical problems 75% Conclusion: Results showed that approximately one-quarter of patients attending the primary dental clinics have a medical problem. It is important that dental practitioners be knowledgeable about the proper management of patients with medical problems. Further studies are recommended to extend the study period.}, keywords = {Dental clinic,medical history,systemic diseases,medical conditions}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140306.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140306_54e26e6dafa8e6113c0e746ff5949c2f.pdf} } @article { author = {Kamel, Eman and Hassouna, Dina and Geith, Mostafa}, title = {In Vitro Study To Evaluate The Effect Of 45S5 Bioglass Paste And Er,Cr:YSGG 2780 nm Laser On Re-Mineralization Of Enamel White Spot Lesions (Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis and Stereomicroscopic assessments).}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {301-314}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.42112.1250}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: White spot lesions (WSLs) are one of the common problems which occur on enamel surface around bonded brackets following orthodontic treatment. AIM: Evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG (λ = 2780 nm) laser and 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) paste either alone or in combination on re-mineralization of enamel white spot lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 enamel samples with induced WSLs. There are 5 groups (n=10). Group 1, control; Group 2, 45S5 BAG paste treatment only; Group 3, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiated (0.5 W, 20 Hz, 10 s) alone, Group 4, 45S5 BAG paste treatment applied before irradiation with same laser parameters in group 3 and Group 5, 45S5 BAG paste treatment applied after laser irradiation. Enamel surface was assessed morphologically by stereomicroscope and Mineral content analysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDXA). The results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: EDXA revealed the highest Ca, Ca/P ratio and least C mass % in group 4. The highest P mass% in group 5. Stereomicroscopic results of outer enamel surface revealed that WSLs were reduced in group 2 while disappeared in group 3, 4 & 5. Group 4 showed more translucent enamel surfaces, whereas group 5 showed homogenous radio-opaque enamel surface. Stereomicroscopic results of enamel subsurface revealed the least M.B dye penetration depth in group 3 followed by 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 45S5 BAG paste treatment before Er,Cr:YSGG laser showed the best re-mineralized enamel surface with complete absence of WSLs.}, keywords = {WSLs,Enamel re-mineralization,45S5 BAG paste,EDXA}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140307.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140307_c00f64eda6eb9de784a3e7897dd0d84f.pdf} } @article { author = {Al Shafey, Asmaa and Khalil, Eman}, title = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus and oral health problems Cross-sectional study}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {315-321}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.42546.1254}, abstract = {In Egypt, diabetes mellitus is considered to be a foremost health issue with a major influence on the disease and the rate of death. Diabetes mellitus is a communal disorder having affiliated oral disorders that influence dental care. The purpose of this study was to study the prevalence of oral changes in diabetes type 2 in the Egyptian participants to raise awareness between diabetic patients and dental professionals. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was done on 200 patients who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 at Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinic in Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University Hospital over a period of 2 months from the first of September 2019 to the first of November 2019. Both genders were selected with age ranging from (32-60) . A detailed oral examination was performed in accordance with international criteria. Results: The most prevalent oral changes were caries (58%), periodontitis (56%), xerostomia (45%), taste dysfunction (32.5%), burning sensation (20%) and candida (15%). Conclusions: This study exhibited that diabetes has harmful influences on oral health status; hence, dentists must be acquainted with the related oral disorders in patients with diabetes as chronic oral complications in these patients could worsen their glucose level and their prognosis. The dentists could have a helpful role in spotting the undiagnosed diabetic patients from the associated oral manifestations.}, keywords = {Diabetes type 2,changes,caries,Periodontitis}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140309.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140309_f5cb68db0143ab8bb2949ae54fce2f98.pdf} } @article { author = {Salib, Marina and Abdalsamad, Ahmed and Dahaba, Mushira}, title = {Effect of Metal Artifacts Reduction Protocols and Electric Potential Difference (kVp) on Metal Artifacts in Cone Beam Computed Tomography ( A Diagnostic Accuracy study )}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {323-331}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.47343.1305}, abstract = {Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of electric potential difference (kVp), with and without the use of metal artifacts reduction tool (MAR), Can the usage of MAR protocols and electric Potential Difference (kVp) reduce the metallic artifacts resulting from metallic structures in CBCT? Methodology: Jaw models with the same radiodensity as the normal average human jaw bones with full veneered crowns attached to them, and were scanned by using Planmeca ProMax® 3D Mid CBCT machine, using different values of kVp, with and without the activation of MAR tool. Romexis® software was used for image analysis. For each crown restoration, the length of the alveolar bone affected by the artifacts under the crown from the crest of the ridge till the inferior border of the mandible was assessed quantitatively. Results The activation of the MAR tool in the software effectively reducing the effect of the artifacts in the CBCT images when compared to the effect of the different kVp values alone without MAR activation. Conclusions: The activation of MAR tool in the software should be considered to reduce the effect of CBCT artifacts when scanning multiple metallic objects.}, keywords = {CBCT,Metal Artifacts,MAR,Metal artifacts reduction protocols,kVp}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140313.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140313_3622e134f300e3cb0f7041911645596e.pdf} } @article { author = {AMR, AHMED}, title = {Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Curcumin Photosensitizer in Conjunction with Periodontal Open Flap Debridement. Pilot Clinical Study with Real-Time PCR Bacterial Assessment}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {333-356}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2021.47476.1309}, abstract = {Aim: To evaluate the effect of using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (A-PDT) with curcumin in conjunction with open flap debridement (OFD) in the treatment of deep periodontal pockets. The primary objective was the clinical evaluation via assessment of the changes in clinical periodontal parameters. The secondary objective was the quantification of the pocket total bacterial load by Real-Time PCR. Subjects and methods: Group A included 7 patients who received OFD in conjunction with A-PDT using LED and curcumin paste (2%) as a photosensitizer. Group B included 7 patients who received OFD followed by application of curcumin paste (2%) but without photoactivation. Group C included 7 patients who received OFD alone. Clinical evaluation included plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Microbiological evaluation involved collection of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples for total bacterial load (TBL) analysis by real-time PCR Results: Regarding the percent change in PD and CAL, the greatest percent decrease value was recorded in group A while the least percent decrease was in group C. The difference between groups was statistically significant. Regarding percent change of TBL by time, the greatest percent decrease value was recorded in group A. Conclusion: Within the limitations of our study, the photoactivation of the curcumin used in conjunction with OFD may lead to greater PD reduction, greater CAL gain and greater TBL reduction when compared to OFD alone or OFD with curcumin without photoactivation.}, keywords = {photodynamic therapy,Curcumin,Photosensitizer,open flap debridement,PCR}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142382.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142382_642d5befb63db6c27904ac9fcdc70492.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamed, Ghada and Selim, Manar}, title = {Histological and Immunohistochemical study on the protective effect of Nano-selenium against experimental toxicity induced by Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the gingiva and periodontal ligament of albino rats}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {357-366}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.47103.1298}, abstract = {This current study was conducted to evaluate the ability of Nano-selenium (Nano Se) in inhibition of aflatoxin B1 toxicity on gingiva and periodontal ligament of rats through histological investigation and immunohistochemical detection of TNF-α & caspase-3 expression in gingiva and desmin expression in the periodontal ligament. Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups: Group I served as control rats (normal), Group II (aflatoxin B1 group) received aflatoxin B1 (250 μg/kg b.w/day) orally by gastric tube 5 days/week for 4 weeks, Group III (AFB1and Nano-Se group) received aflatoxin B1 (250 μg/kg b.w./day) and 100 mg /animal of Nano-Se orally for 5 days/week 4 weeks. Group IV (Nano-Se group) received 100 mg /animal of Nano-Se orally for 5 days/week through gastric tube. At the end of the experiment, the upper and lower jaws were dissected out after scarification under general anesthesia. Gingival and jaw samples were collected and processed for histological techniques. Immunohistochemical estimation of TNF-α as pro-inflammatory mediator, caspase-3 to determine any apoptotic cells and desmin for detection of collagen fibers was performed}, keywords = {Aflatoxin B1,nano selenium,TNF-α,Caspase-3,Desmin}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140315.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140315_cf2bed596029e6b40d88b731fab8a003.pdf} } @article { author = {Farag, Amina and Sabry, Dina and Hassabou, Nadia and Alaa EL-Din, Yasmine}, title = {MicroRNA-134/MicroRNA-200a Derived Salivary Exosomes are Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {367-377}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.47990.1317}, abstract = {Background and Aim: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is by far one of the most common oral cancers. The success of early detection of cancer using recent modalities such as collected human saliva can guarantee a high success rate of treatment. This study aimed to investigate the expression of microRNAs and interleukins in exosomes as potential salivary biomarkers and to evaluate their accuracy in early detection of oral cancer. Material and methods: Samples of saliva were collected from 37 patients divided into 6 healthy control, 17 smokers and 14 patients with different grades of oral squamous carcinoma. Exosomes were isolated from 3 ml saliva using ultracentrifugation protocol and were prepared for electron microscopy characterization. Expression of microRNA-200a and microRNA-134 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. IL-1β and IL-8 concentrations were also assessed in isolated salivary exosomes. All data array of salivary isolated tested biomarkers was represented as mean values and standard deviation. Results: Concentrations of both salivary IL-1β & IL-8 demonstrated a highly significant increase in cancer patients compared to smoker and control groups (p≤0.00001). Additionally, microRNA-200a and microRNA-134 were upregulated and revealed a highly significant increase in cancer patients in comparison to other groups (p≤0.00001). No significant changes were observed between different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Isolated salivary exosomes provide a stable and non-invasive route for evaluation of different salivary biomarkers which can be a useful tool in early detection of oral cancer.}, keywords = {Salivary biomarkers,exosomes,microRNA,Interleukins,Oral squamous cell carcinoma}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140316.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140316_7b0a6b465a27029101934712cc1dac16.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Ahmed and Elgendi, Mai and Shaker, Olfat and Hussein, Radwa}, title = {Salivary level of interleukin-17 in patients having atrophic and erosive oral lichen planus before and after treatment with topical steroids (A Controlled clinical trial)}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {379-385}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.48270.1319}, abstract = {Background: The present study was aimed to measure the salivary level of IL-17 in patients having atrophic and erosive Oral lichen planus lesions (OLP) and to evaluate the effect of topical corticosteroids used for treatment of erosive/atrophic oral lichen planus on the level of IL-17 in the saliva. Subjects and methods: The present study was performed on 40 subjects divided into 3 groups Group (I) Twenty patients diagnosed with erosive/atrophic OLP received topical steroid (triamcinolone acetonide0.1%) four times per day for four weeks. Group (II) Ten patients diagnosed with reticular OLP and Group (III) Ten patients with normal mucosa (healthy control Group). Salivary samples were collected before and after treatment in group (I) and once from subjects in group (II) and (III) for determination of IL-17 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The mean IL-17 levels in saliva of erosive/atrophic OLP group were statistically significantly higher before treatment with topical steroid than after treatment and both are statistically significantly higher than the reticular group and healthy control subjects. Also, the clinical score and pain visual analogue score values were statistically significantly higher in the erosive/atrophic group before treatment than after treatment. Conclusions: The salivary levels of IL-17 in erosive/atrophic OLP patients was higher than the reticular OLP patients and both are higher than the healthy control subjects, suggesting that IL-17 has a major role in the pathogenesis of OLP and its salivary level may be diagnostic for the severity of the condition of the erosive/atrophic OLP.}, keywords = {KEYWORDS: IL-17,Oral lichen planus,saliva}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140318.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140318_f4074d9b4dfeb55a2713346d5c150226.pdf} } @article { author = {Mostafa, Raghdaa and Ashmawy, Mostafa and Hamed, Walla}, title = {Agreement between Panoramic Radiography and CBCT in Interpretation and Diagnosis of Jaw Lesions}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {387-393}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.49161.1330}, abstract = {Objective: this study aims to assess the rate of agreement between panoramic radiography (PR) and CBCT in evaluating the radiographic features of intraosseous lesions and detecting whether these differences had a significant impact on the accuracy of differential diagnoses. Methods: Twenty four (24) intraosseous biopsy-proven lesions were reviewed using PR and CBCT images by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. Both observers answered eighteen questions for each case describing the lesions` radiographic criteria and listed two possible differential diagnoses for each case. Results: McNemar’s test was used for comparing the two modalities and for calculating the inter-observer agreement. The intra-observer agreement showed that questions 18 (cortical destruction) and 10 (expansion in the anatomical landmarks) had the lowest percentage of agreement between both observers. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between the two modalities in terms of the agreement between differential diagnosis and final diagnosis (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Both PR and CBCT provide similar agreement in describing the lesion location, epicenter, internal structure. Moreover, similar agreement was also observed regarding the effect of the lesion on the teeth including resorption, impaction and displacement, root resorption, lamina dura, and periodontal membrane space of the teeth. The main disagreement between the two modalities was found in the expansion of the normal surrounding anatomic boundaries, and cortical destruction.}, keywords = {Cone‑beam computed tomography,panoramic radiography,Diagnosis}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140319.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140319_6831c5a46aeb71f139cc14ac17dbb235.pdf} } @article { author = {Nawwar, Nada and elzehary, Rehab and El Attar, Saied and Elgamily, Mahitabe}, title = {The Biological Effects of Coral with Adipose Derived Stem Cells on Mandibular Bony Defect in Albino Rats.}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {395-406}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.47379.1329}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the biological effects of coral scaffold with or without adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) on healing of bony defects in albino rats. Methods: Fifty four male albino rats weighing approximately 250-300 gm were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. Each rat received one bone defect on the left side of mandible near the diastema. The defects were either left empty (group A) n=18, treated with coral only (group B) n=18 or received a combination of coral and adipose derived stem cells (group C) n=18 which were harvested from the rats peri renal region. Bone healing was evaluated using heamatoxylin and eosin and trichrome stain, then the results were subjected to digital image analysis followed by one- way ANOVA statistical analysis. Results: Bony defects received the combination of coral scaffold and stem cells show better healing in respect to the quantity and the quality of the newly formed bone. Conclusion: ADSCs loaded onto coral granule scaffold have ameliorating effect on the repair of the mandibular defects in rat model.}, keywords = {Key words: Bone defect,Coral,adipose derived stem cells,Scaffold,Trichrome}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140321.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140321_157cd1697a5f2a4f58826e99ee7974cc.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Kateb, Hend and Khashaba, Omar and Bazeed, Fagr and Donia, Ahmed and El-Nablaway, Mohammad and EL-Zehary, Rehab}, title = {Clinical and Histopathological study of calcineurin inhibitors induced gingival hyperplasia after kidney transplant.}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {407-418}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2021.50020.1341}, abstract = {Objective: Perform clinical and histopathological evaluations of gingival hyperplasia after kidney transplantation in patients receiving either cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TAC). Subjects and Methods: A sample of 54 male renal transplant patients who have undergone immunosuppressive regimen (CsA=28 and TAC=26) were examined in respect to demographic, pharmacologic, and periodontal variables. Gingival overgrowth (GO) was assessed by using gingival enlargement index. In addition gingival biopsies were examined histopathologically with Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and Immunohistochemistry using caspase 3 expression and histomorphometric Analyses. Furthermore the serum level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2) was assessed in the two groups. Data were analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Considering gingival enlargement, there was a statistically significant difference between (CsA) and (TAC) group’s index with higher mean in (CsA) group versus (TAC) group. Considering the gingival bleeding index, there was a statistically significant difference between (CsA) and (TAC) groups with higher mean in (CsA) group versus (TAC) group and regarding serum (MMP2) level, there was statistically significant difference between (CsA) and (TAC) groups with lower mean in (CsA) group versus (TAC) group. Histopathologically, the degree of tacrolimus-influenced gingival enlargement was lesser in comparison to (CsA) group. Conclusions: (CsA) has a greater degree of gingival enlargement than (TAC) as shown clinically and histolopathologically but the serum level of (MMP2) was higher in (TAC) group than in the (CsA) group. (MMP2) may have a role in the mechanism of gingival enlargement.}, keywords = {immunosuppressants,Cyclosporine,Tacrolimus,Drug-induced gingival overgrowth,MMP2}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140323.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_140323_9d34f54ba795dad79f8006f125fd4884.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahmoud, Hatem and Khater, Dina and Abd El Wahed, Sara}, title = {Evaluation of Anti-cancer Effect of Different Concentrations of Black Raspberries Extract on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (In Vitro Study)}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {419-429}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.50388.1349}, abstract = {Background: Black Raspberry has a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic aspects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Moreover, the effect of Black Raspberry has been studied in many cancers such as human cervical, esophageal and colorectal cancer and showed cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects against these types of cancer. Aim: To identify the possible anti-cancer effect of Black Raspberry on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma cell line. Material and methods: Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line was divided into 3 groups: one control group, second group treated with Black Raspberry, and the third group treated with Doxorubicin, each of the two treatments was applied for 24, 48, 72 hours, respectively. Then, cellular viability was measured using Microculture Tetrazolium assay, cell cycle analysis was done using Flow Cytometry and eventually, apoptotic activity was evaluated using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay. Results: Black Raspberry succeeded to decrease the percentage of viable and proliferating cells with increasing time. On the other hand, it increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and levels of caspase-3. Conclusion: Black Raspberry has a potential cytotoxic effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line in a dose and time dependent manner, and exerts this action through induction of apoptosis, and its action is comparable to Doxorubicin action.}, keywords = {Black Raspberry,Doxorubicin,Oral squamous cell carcinoma}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142375.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142375_f1235dedd8a5c815b4a8914f9f9ea6fe.pdf} } @article { author = {elrawdy, ahmad and eltamimi, kawkb and El Sayed, Mohammed}, title = {Effect of different mini implants distribution for mandibular overdenture cases on maxillary ridge height. retrospective radiographic study}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {425-431}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.50805.1355}, abstract = {Purpose. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the maxillary ridge change under complete dentures opposed by mandibular overdentures assisted by four mini-implants, in case of inter-foraminal distribution or in case of wide distribution after wearing dentures for 6 years. Methods and material. The subjects enrolled for this study (n = 20). They were treated with maxillary complete dentures, randomly assigned into two equal groups: group І received mandibular overdenture assisted by four mini implants distributed equally in the inter-foraminal region exposed to immediate loading protocol. Group II received mandibular overdenture assisted by four mini-implants (two inserted in canine region and two inserted in first molar region) exposed to immediate loading protocol. Radiographic evaluation of maxillary bone height using digital panorama for every patient of both groups recorded at the time of mini-implants insertion and after 6 years. Results: The results showed non- significant differences using independent t-test between wide & inter-foraminal distribution groups for midline, premaxilla. While, for maxillary tuberosity, the results give significant difference between wide & inter-foraminal distributions at significant levels P Conclusion: the combination syndrome also may occur in conventional maxillary dentures opposed by mini implants assisted mandibular overdentures and wide mini implants distribution has similar effect as inter-foraminal distribution in the maxillary alveolar ridge resorption.}, keywords = {Inter-foraminal mini-implants distribution,wide mini-implants distribution,mini-implants assisted overdenture,maxillary ridge height changes,digital panoramic radiographic evaluation}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142376.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142376_14ffc7fcc8d90fdc711d33bb797c7861.pdf} } @article { author = {Elbattawy, Weam and Ahmed, Dina}, title = {Clinical and radiographic evaluation of open flap debridement with or without Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite bone graft in management of periodontal intrabony defects}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {433-446}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.51002.1361}, abstract = {Abstract: Background: Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (n-HA) bone graft could improve proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The osteoconductive and biomimetic properties incorporated into the early stage of human physiological bone turnover assumed that deposition of these molecules promoted early osteogenesis in and around Nano Bone. Methods: 20 periodontitis patients with intra-bony defects participated in this clinical trial and treated with either open flap debridement (OFD) alone as control group or OFD and n-HA bone graft as intervention group. Clinical outcomes included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival recession (GR). Bone defect area (BDA) was measured by digital periapical radiographs and linear measurements were used to calculate the radiographic bone fill. Measurements at baseline and 6-months postoperatively were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Both OFD and OFD with n-HA bone substitute resulted in statistically significant improvement in all clinical and radiographic parameters from baseline to 6 months. But no significant difference was observed between both groups. After 6 months, OFD showed 2.4(±0.5)mm PD reduction and 1.2(±0.8)mm CAL gain, while n-HA group showed 3.2(±1.1)mm PD reduction and 2.7(±1.3)mm CAL gain. The BDA was reduced by 1.7(±1)mm2 with OFD and by 3.4(±2.2)mm2 in n-HA group. Conclusion: Both OFD and OFD with n-HA showed significant reduction in clinical and radiographic outcomes after 6 months with no statistically significant difference between them. Clinical relevance: Both treatment modalities are successful procedures for treating intrabony defects}, keywords = {Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite bone substitute,open flap debridement,intrabony defects,Periodontal regeneration}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142377.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142377_3410837e53a9e6fec1948b290cb58dad.pdf} } @article { author = {El Saket, Enas and Eiid, Salma and Abd El Samad, Ahmad}, title = {The Prevalence and Anatomical Variations of Bifid Mandibular Canal in a Sample of Egyptian Population Using CBCT. A Cross-Sectional Study}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {447-456}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.50897.1358}, abstract = {Aim: Detection of the prevalence of bifid mandibular canal and classification of its types in the Egyptian population. Methodology: Radiographic examination of 329 mandibular sides was done using Planmeca Promax 3D Mid CBCT machine. The scans varied depending on patients’ sizes (according to the manufacturer’s recommendations) using different FOVs with the same voxel size (0.4 mm (400 μm)). The bifid the mandibular canal was observed and classified according to Naitoh`s classification (retromolar, dental, forward, and buccolingual canals). In addition, the prevalence of location of accessory canal types and the mean distance to the alveolar ridge and teeth were reported. Results: In 329 hemimandibles, there were 101 bifid canals (30.7%) and 37 trifid canals (11.2%). The dental canal type was the most common (43.3%), followed by retromolar canal type (33.7%), forward canal type (17.2%), and buccolingual canal type (5.7%). The forward canals and the dental canals had statistically similar mean distances of 11.1 ±2.1 and 11.1±2.5 mm respectively. The accessory canals were at a significantly longer mean distance (12.1±1.6 mm) to the alveolar crest in the premolar area compared to distance in the molar area (10.9 ± 2.3 mm). Retromolar canals showed a significantly longer distance of 13.8± 4.4 mm. Conclusions: Examination of the mandibular canal is mandatory by surgeons to minimize the chance of missing any accessory branches, since its prevalence was more than 40% with 21.3 % presented with bilateral manifestation.}, keywords = {Mandibular canals,bifid canal,trifid canal,CBCT,CBCT dental}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142378.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142378_9ea180417134fa2280e5ef106a6d453f.pdf} } @article { author = {EL-Shinnawi, Una and Mowafey, Bassant}, title = {Clinical Evaluation Of The Efficiency of Intralesional Injection Of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma In Treatment Of Erosive Oral Lichen planus.}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {457-463}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2021.51346.1366}, abstract = {Objectives: Oral lichen planus could be a doubtless malignant autoimmune disease, characterized by burning and pain that reduces the standard of patient's life. Treatment of OLP remains a significant challenge despite the recent advances in understanding the immunopathogenesis. The properties of Platelet-rich plasma suggested its application in clinical practice for treatment of OLP patients that do not respond to conventional therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intralesional Platelet rich Plasma in treatment of Erosive lichen planus. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 10 patients of erosive OLP among which were given intralesional PRP. All the patients were given weekly injections for 4 weeks. The two fundamentals variables used for assessment of the patient is pain control and healing of the lesion. Each visit consists of measuring the target lesion size and pain evaluation by Visual analogue scale (VAS) . Results: No serious adverse reaction was obtained in patients during the 4 weeks of treatment. The result was satisfactory with a significant reduction in patient symptoms. Reduction in terms of size and inflammation was observed. Conclusion: This methodology of using intralesional PRP showed to be effective in decreasing the symptoms and improvement in clinical signs of OLP, which was resistant to conventional therapy. Key words: intralesional PRP, Erosive OLP, potentially malignant}, keywords = {Key words: intralesional PRP,Erosive OLP,Potentially malignant}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142379.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142379_cedab1bc03fa70a8f580835f8814452a.pdf} } @article { author = {Kamel, Asem and Gobran, Hany and Abdelrahman, Ahmed and Hussein, Ahmed}, title = {Clinical and biochemical analysis for the adjunctive effects of simvastatin and metformin in the treatment of chronic periodontitis patients}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {465-474}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2021.51706.1372}, abstract = {Background: adjunctive local periodontal therapy is one of the best options to improve the health of the pocket tissue. The comparison of local effects of simvastatin and metformin as aid in enhance the healing of periodontal tissue is the point of importance. Methods: a total of 45 systemically healthy patients with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis; which having a generalized pocket depth varied from 3mm to 5mm. All patients handled by scaling and root planning and divided haphazardly into: group I, as a control group (n= 15), in which the patients treated by application of placebo gel; group II, (n= 15) treated with application 1.2% simvastatin gel; group III, (n= 15), treated with application of 1% metformin gel. Clinical and biochemical criteria were collected at threshold 3, 6 and 9 months. Results: an advancement in both plaque and gingival indexes was noticed in total 3 groups at 6 and 9 months. Plaque index and gingival index showed decrement in group II and III than group I. The cutback in probing depth and clinical attachment loss was higher in the group III than other groups. Significant minimization in both IL-6 and TNF-α levels occurred from baseline to the end of measurement duration in all groups. Clear interaction was established amid IL-6 and TNF-α heights. Conclusion: metformin was comparatively better than simvastatin in respect of clinical and biochemical markers.}, keywords = {Simvastatin,Metformin,Periodontitis,Adjunctive therapy,IL-6}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142380.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142380_d83616dbaaf0747c7ec2885c3314d72e.pdf} } @article { author = {elgamily, mahitabe and denewar, mona}, title = {Impact of Different PRP Centrifugation Speeds on Immunohistochemical Expression of RANK, RANKL and Alkaline Phosphatase in Experimentally Induced Periodontitis}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)}, pages = {475-484}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.51718.1373}, abstract = {Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two single centrifugation speeds used in platelet rich plasma (PRP) preparation on the expression of osteoclastogenic markers RANK, RANKL and the osteogenic marker Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in experimentally induced periodontitis in a rat model. Material and Methods: Thirty four adult male Wistar rats, weighing 150-200 g were selected. Four rats for PRP preparation. Ligatures were placed subgingivally around the lower incisors of thirty rats in figure 8 manner. Ligature control was performed daily then after 14 days ligature removal was done and the rats were subsequently divided into 3 equal groups (n=10); group I: control non treated, group II: injected with 0.2ml PRP prepared with 800 rpm, group III: injected with 0.2ml PRP prepared by 3000 rpm. Five rats of each group were sacrificed after 3 and 6 weeks, the specimens were processed, then evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin, RANK, RANKL and ALP. The results were subjected to digital morphometric assessment followed by statistical analysis. Results: Both PRP treated groups showed better alveolar bone regeneration compared to control non treated group especially at the 6th week. Group II had better regenerative capacity compared to group I and III as it showed significant increase in the amount of ALP and significant decrease in the RANK and RANKL osteoclastogenic markers. Conclusion: Local injection of PRP with both tested centrifugation speeds enhanced the regenerative capacity of bone in experimentally induced periodontitis. However, the lower centrifugation speed (800 rpm) have better regenerative effect.}, keywords = {Keywords: periodontitis,RANK,RANKL,Alkaline Phospatase,PRP}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142381.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_142381_05c017479e60ed44c08cfd14bc768574.pdf} }