@article { author = {Ezzeldin, Naglaa and Elshishtawy, Hisham and Mohamed, Mona}, title = {Molecular assessment of oral Streptococcus mutans isolated from patients with different ages and caries activity via selective media and protein pattern}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {789-800}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.44382.1281}, abstract = {Objective: Comparative evaluation of various media compositions for Streptococcus mutans (Strep. mutans) best propagation, pointing out the diversity in Strep. mutans clinically isolated from patients with different caries behavior and ages using molecular tools. Methods: The case control study included ninety outpatients from Faculty of Dentistry, October ‎University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt, that were divided into three age groups (3-5, 6-12 and 18-25 years). Each group was subdivided according to the caries behavior into caries free and active subgroups. Salivary samples were collected. Six culture media were used to plate the diluted saliva. They were Mitis Salivarius and tellorite (MST), Mitis Salivarius, bacitracin and kanamycin (MSBK), Mitis Salivarius, bacitracin and tellorite (MSBT), Trypticase media, glucose, sucrose, tellurite, and bacitracin (GSTB) and yeast, cysteine, sucrose and bacitracin (YCSB) agars. Polymerase Chain Reaction technique was used to detect Strep. mutans using glucosyltransferase primers. Total protein profiles were analyzed through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: GSTB media yielded the highest percentage of Strep. mutans colonies. Regarding the protein profile, proteins (43, 51, 65, 74 and 87 kDa) were significantly less detected in 18-25 age group compared to the other groups. About the caries activity, there was significant difference in 122 and 170 kDa (P = 0.01) between caries free and active participants. Conclusions: Media structure may play significant role in Strep. mutans recovery. Protein bands were less commonly observed in young adults, but the inserting result was that only two bands were found to differentiate between caries active and free participants.}, keywords = {dental caries,culture media,PCR,Streptococcus mutans}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144088.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144088_6e0830b77e136b9dc939e1559cc5ecb2.pdf} } @article { author = {Akha, Mai and Afifi, Rasha}, title = {Effect of Nanochitozan and Nanopropolis on Microtensile Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive to Dentin}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {801-807}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.45923.1289}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of nanopropolis and nanochitozan on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of universal adhesive to dentin. Materials and methods: Fifteen extracted sound human permanent molars were selected. Occlusal one-third of the tooth crowns was removed to expose the mid-coronal dentin. The teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups according to the pretreatment before application of the adhesive i.e. Group A: 1% nanochitozan was applied, group B: 1% nanopropolis was applied and group C: received no treatment (control). Universal adhesive Prime & BondTM was applied in the self- etch mode according to manufacturer's instructions. Composite build-ups were done using a specially fabricated split Teflon mold. After being kept in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours, Teeth were sectioned to obtain beams with cross-sectional areas of about 1 mm × 1 mm. μTBS test was done using universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test were used to compare between more than two groups in non-related samples. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between (Group B) and each of (Group A) and (Group C) where (p=0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between (Group A) and (Group C) where (p=0.115). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study it could be concluded that, nanopropolis (conc 1%) enhance the immediate μTBS of Prime & BondTM universal adhesive to dentin. Nanochitozan (conc 1%) did not improve the μTBS of Prime & Bond TM universal adhesive to dentin.}, keywords = {Nanochitozan,Nanopropolis,Dentine,microtensile,Universal adhesive}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144089.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144089_f6d91752fabc62f642addb6790ab1b6f.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamza, Heba and Salem, Haidy and hassan, shahinaz and Mosallam, Osama}, title = {EFFECT OF AN IN-OFFICE BLEACHING AGENT CONTAINING TWO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANO PARTICLES ON THE COLOR AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF ENAMEL.}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {809-816}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.47230.1303}, abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different concentrations of titanium dioxide nano particles TiO2NP on the color and surface roughness of enamel surface. Material and methods: 20 bovine anterior teeth were selected. Each tooth was divided into two equal halves and distributed to two groups A and B. Group A: one half is subjected to bleaching agent (AI) and the other half to bleaching agent mixed with 5% TiO2NP (AII). Group B: one half is subjected to bleaching agent (BI) and the other half to bleaching agent mixed with 10% TiO2NP (BII). Surface roughness (Ra) and color changes were evaluated using stereomicroscope and spectrophotometer. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the roughness Ra between all bleaching groups at (p=5981>0.05). 10% concentration of TiO2NP group represented the lowest mean color value while there was no statistically significant difference in bleaching only groups and 5% concentration TiO2NP group using Pair-wise Tukey post-hoc (p>0.05). Conclusions: Titanium oxide nano particles had an influence on the efficiency of bleaching agent without jeopardizing enamel surface roughness.}, keywords = {Keywords: Nanoparticles,bleaching,Titanium oxide,Spectrophotometer}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144091.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144091_a9569b712544cc278bccc160b6b33f72.pdf} } @article { author = {Yehia, Tariq and Abd El Daiem, Menna and Obeid, Maram}, title = {Evaluation of Adaptability of Three Different Root Canal Sealers. (In Vitro Study)}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {817-822}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.43947.1274}, abstract = {Introduction: This study aimed to compare Guttaflow bioseal, MTA-Fillapex, and AH plus with regards to their adaptability on dentin surface. Methods: Thirty (n=30) single rooted human teeth were instrumented and divided into three groups according to the type of sealer used (each n=10). All root canals were obturated with lateral compaction technique. Roots were cut longitudinally and evaluated for adaptability using scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 1500x. Five readings were taken for the widest gap distances at the three thirds of the root for each specimen. Results: AH plus group showed less mean values of gap distances than the other groups at apical and middle two thirds, while GuttaFlow bioseal mean gap distance was less at the coronal one third. MTA-F group showed the higher mean values among the three thirds of the root with no significant difference. Conclusion: AH plus showed superior adaptability than GuttaFlow bioseal, while the worst was MTA-Fillapex.}, keywords = {adaptability,GuttaFlow bioseal,Sealer-dentine interface}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144092.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144092_80cf930a35b28b9b061d2ed44156f94c.pdf} } @article { author = {Zenhom Abd El Rahman, Shimaa and Riad, . Mona and Ibrahim, Shereen}, title = {RELIABILITY OF FLUORESCENT CAMERA VERSUS VISUAL ASSESSMENT IN DIAGNOSIS OF OCCUSAL CARIOUS LESION IN ADULT PATIENTS: INVIVO DIAGNOSTIC STUDY}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {823-833}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.49201.1331}, abstract = {Aim: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic predictive values of a light induced fluorescence intra oral camera (VistaCam iX) versus visual assessment method (ICDAS-II) in identification of occlusal carious lesion. Methodology: Occlusal surfaces of 199 molar teeth from 43 adult patients who fulfill the eligibility criteria were examined by two observers using two diagnostic methods. The teeth were firstly assessed visually according to the criteria of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) then by fluorescence camera. Inter observer agreement was measured for ICDAS-II using Kappa and weighted Kappa Values and for the camera using inter class correlation (ICC). Correlation between methods was calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs) and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC curve) between the tested methods was estimated. Results: Significant positive correlation was found between the ICDAS-II and the camera measurements (rs= 0.8739, P< 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was (0.932, p < 0.001) indicating a great association between the two tested methods when selecting adequate cut-off values for the camera. There was a statistically significant agreement between the two observers for ICDAS-II values (Kappa =0.8125, weighted Kappa = 0.8558). Excellent inter examiner agreement was found between the two observers when using the FC, ICC = 0.9774 (95% CI, 0.789 to 0.889), (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The camera showed high reliability and agreement with ICDAS-II for initial occlusal caries detection. Sensitivity and specificity values for the camera varied depending on the cut-off value.}, keywords = {VistaCam iX Proof,Occlusal caries:,< ICDAS-II > Fluorescence camera,Initial "caries,>}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144093.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144093_75db74c815bc0a4aa16b3065a0fb286d.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed El-said, Nancy and el ashry, salma and ismail, amira}, title = {The effect of different sealer volume on bond strength of total fills BC obturating system}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {835-841}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2021.49830.1338}, abstract = {The bond strength of Total fill BC obturation system using single cone size 40 and size 50 at different time intervals; 1days and 7 days was evaluated in this vitro study. Twenty four single rooted single canal extracted human teeth were used in this study. All the teeth were instrumented with a crown down technique by Endo Star taper 4% to achieve size #50 apical preparation .irrigation was done using 10ml 2.25% Na(ocl), then 10ml of 17% EDTA and final rinse with 10ml sterile normal saline. Single cone technique was used for obturating all the groups as the manufacturer’s instructions .The samples were classified into two main groups according to the size of the obturating material (n=12); group “I” canals were obturated with Totalfill points size 50 and group “II” (canals were obturated with Totalfill points size 40. Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups according to the time of the test (n=6); subgroup “1’ examined after 1 day and Subgroup “2” examined after 7 days. Each subgroup is tested using universal testing machine to evaluate the push out Bond strength. after 1 day; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, However After 7 days regardless of root level, the Group obturated with size 50 showed statistically significantly higher median push-out bond strength than Group obturated with size 40.it was concluded that The bond strength is higher with the large size of gutta percha core than the volume of sealer.}, keywords = {bond strength,TotalFill,sealer volume,Bioceramics}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144094.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144094_9b1aa2df5e45679225f60679094c0945.pdf} } @article { author = {attia, reham}, title = {Reversal of deleterious effect of extracoronal in- office bleaching on shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel: Effect of delayed restoration and different antioxidants application - in vitro study}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {843-856}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2021.49934.1347}, abstract = {Objective:The objective of this in - vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different antioxidants in reversal of of deleterious effect of bleaching on shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.Materials and methods: Seventy bovine incisors were used. The specimens were randomly divided into seven groups (10 specimens each) as follow: Group 1: no bleaching treatment and no antioxidant application. Group 2: bleaching only without antioxidant application and immediate composite resin application after bleaching. Group 3: bleaching only without antioxidant application and delayed composite application (after 2 weeks) of storage. Group 4: bleaching and application of 10% Alpha-tocopherol.Group 5: bleaching and application of 6% cranberry extract. Group 6:bleaching and application of 10% sodium ascorbate. Group 7: bleaching and application of 10% green tea. 40% hydrogen peroxide (Opalescence Xtra Boost 40%, Ultradent, South Jourdan, UT, USA) was used. Composite resin Tetric N -Ceram was used. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Results: one-way ANOVA test revealed significant differences in shear bond strength among the tested groups (p < 0.001). Bond strength significantly decreased after bleaching. There was no significant difference in shear bond strength reversed using10% Alpha-tocopherol, 10% sodium ascorbate and 10% green tea and delayed restoration. Whereas the difference was significant between group 5(6% cranberry extract) and other antioxidants groups. Conclusion: The results obtained from the use of antioxidants using (10% Alpha-tocopherol, 10% sodium ascorbate and 10% green tea extract) is approximately the same as the delayed restoration.}, keywords = {antioxidants,bleached enamel,Composite resins,Shear bond strength}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144096.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144096_6d2e0b614f613af3361997767a788d9c.pdf} } @article { author = {Elfaramawy, Medhat and Abdelrahman, Tariq}, title = {The Effect of Bioceramic Sealers on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth (In Vitro Study)}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {857-860}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.50258.1348}, abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bioceramic sealers on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth compared to resin-based sealers and zinc oxide and eugenol based sealers. Methods: Seventy (n=70) freshly human extracted single rooted teeth were selected. The samples were biomechanically prepared and classified according to the type of the sealer used into four groups as follows; Group 1 (n=21) obturated with gutta-percha and Endofill sealer (Dentsply, Germany). Group 2 (n=21) obturated with gutta-percha and AD-seal sealer (Meta Biomed, Korea). Group 3 (n=21) obturated with gutta-percha and MTA filapex sealer (Angelus, Brazil). Group 4 (n=7) Control group (unobturated). All samples were kept in saline until evaluation. The samples were further classified according to the observation time into: subgroup A (n=7) evaluated after one week, subgroup B (n=7) evaluated after two weeks and subgroup C (n=7) evaluated after one month. Samples were loaded vertically after obturation using Universal Testing Machine until fracture. Results: MTA filapex group showed higher fracture resistance values than the other groups with no significant difference. No significant difference was found between the subgroups evaluated at different time intervals. Conclusion: Neither the type of root canal sealer nor the time lapsed affects fracture resistance significantly.}, keywords = {Fracture resistance,resin-based sealer,bioceramic sealers,MTA filapex}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144097.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144097_d7b50b7cc45221b9e503eb0ee30deaba.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Lamia and Khalil, Hala}, title = {SEM and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Evaluation Of Smear Layer Removal Using Standard And Innovative Irrigation Protocols: A Comparative In Vitro Study}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {861-869}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2021.45671.1350}, abstract = {Aim Compare efficacy of Dual Rinse HEDP with sodium hypochlorite to sodium hypochlorite in combination with a finishing rinse with 17% EDTA solution to remove the smear layer. Materials and methods Sixteen human maxillary single-rooted, single canalled sound premolars were used. Specimens were distributed into 2 groups and labeled according to irrigation protocol used. Each group consisted of 8 specimens: Group 1 50% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA. Group 2 The Dual Rinse® HEDP mixed with 50% NaOCl. Roots were prepared for SEM appraisal. The smear layer was assessed and scored. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was used to analyze the inorganic chemical structure of the treated dentin of the two tested groups. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed.Kruskal-Wallis test tailed by Mann-Whitney test compared mean scores between irrigant solutions and root regions groups. Chi-square test compared the frequency distribution of scores between different groups. Results Smear layer was reduced with The Dual Rinse® HEDP group. Groups exhibited a statistically significant difference in mean scores within apical region and no statistically significant difference within coronal and middle regions. Groups showed a statistically significant difference in frequency distribution of scores within coronal and apical regions. A statistically significant difference in scores frequency existed in between the three root regions within NaOCl+EDTA group While no difference was present in between the different regions within Dual Rinse® HEPD group. Energy- dispersive X-ray analysis showed lower peaks of calcium in the Dual Rinse® HEDP. Conclusion The Dual Rinse® HEDP can be used as one step irrigant.}, keywords = {Energy dispersive X ray Analysis,Irrigation,Smear layer,The Dual Rinse® HEDP}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144099.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144099_fdd69c57b56cb9e9907643a98d0a15ca.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Tahtawi, Marwa and Laithy, Ahmed and Soliman, Zainab and El-Askary, Farid}, title = {REPAIR DURABILITY OF A WATER-AGED MICROFINE HYBRID RESTORATIVE RESIN COMPOSITE: A NANO-LEAKAGE STUDY}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {871-881}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.50498.1351}, abstract = {To evaluate the effect of two types of flowable composites and storage time on nano-leakage of repaired water aged resin composite. In total, 30 resin composite discs were prepared and stored in distilled water for 6 m. The discs were divided into 6 groups (n=5/group) according to the two experimental factors: Factor 1: Flowable composite, 3 groups (no-flowable, high-viscosity and low-viscosity flowable composites), and Factor 2; Storage time after repair, 2 groups (24 h and 6 m). Repair procedures were carried out using universal adhesive with and without the application of the flowable composite. After repair, half of the specimens were stored for 24 h and the other half were stored for 6 m in distilled water. After storage, each disc was sectioned into 2 halves and each half was prepared for silver nitrate staining to evaluate nano-leakage under SEM. Three photomicrographs were taken for each half-slab (30 photomicrographs/group) then analyzed using ImageJ software. Data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney test (P=0.05). Flowable composite had no significant effect on nano-leakage (P=0.129), while storage time showed a statistically significant effect of nano-leakage (P˂0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the use of flowable resin composite either at 24 h and 6 m storage times (P˃0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between 24 h and 6 m storage periods for all experimental variables (P˂0.05). The two types of flowable composites were not able to prevent the uptake of silver nitrate at the composite/composite interface either after 24 h or 6 m.}, keywords = {resin composite,aging,Flowable composite,Durability,Nano-leakage}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144100.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144100_79935caf20060350fae54cfd6cb39092.pdf} } @article { author = {Khaleefah, Omar and El-Souda, Ahmed and Badr, Amany}, title = {Cyclic fatigue and fracture surfaces evaluation of different nickel titanium endodontic files}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {883-891}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.50569.1352}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Introduction: This study compares the cyclic fatigue resistance of files made of gold technology, such as ProTaper Gold F2 and WaveOne Gold Primary files, and files made of M-Wire technology, such as ProTaper Next X2 and WaveOne files. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 files were used in this study, which were classified into 4 groups. Cyclic fatigue tests were conducted using a cyclic loading testing machine, with an artificial canal made of stainless steel (angle of curvature: 45°; curvature radius: 5 mm). All rotary instruments were allowed to reciprocate and rotate until complete fracture, and the fracture time was recorded in seconds using a stop watch. To prevent human error, the experiments were also video-recorded. Results: Gold-Wire files (WaveOne Gold and ProTaper Gold) demonstrated longer time to fracture than that M-Wire files (WaveOne and ProTaper Next) (P < 0.005). In addition, WaveOne files showed more time to fracture than ProTaper Next files (P < 0.005). Fracture surface evaluation coincide with our results. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the gold alloy files resisted cyclic fatigue better than the M-Wire alloy files, In addition, WaveOne files resist cyclic fatigue better than ProTaper Next files.}, keywords = {Keywords: Cyclic fatigue,Scanning Electron Microscopy,voids,Gold technology,M-wire}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144101.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144101_07e55da5d8a7b407d1706c4f51c23266.pdf} } @article { author = {Roshdy, Nehal and AbdelWahed, Adel}, title = {Effectiveness of Guttapercha/Bioceramic sealer removal during retreatment using different irrigation protocols}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {893-903}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.50914.1359}, abstract = {Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the amount of residual root canal filling materials (Guttapercha/Bioceramic sealer) after using different irrigation protocols. Methodology: FortyMandibular premolar teeth were mechanically instrumented using Protaper Next rotary system and obturated with guttapercha master cones (size 25, 0.06 taper) coated with Sure Seal bioceramic sealer (Sure Dent Corp., Gyeonggi-do, Korea). All specimens were incubated for 4 weeks then retreatment was performed using Protaper Universal retreatment system. The specimens were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=10) according to the final irrigation protocol as follow; Conventional needle irrigation, Endovac, UltraX, Passive ultrasonic irrigation. Roots were grooved buccolingualy into two halves. A digital camera connected to the stereomicroscope captured images to each half. The root canals were segmented into thirds (Apical, middle and coronal). Image-J softwarewas used to evaluate and measure the areas with the remaining filling material in each third. Data were analysed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for intergroup comparisons while One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for intra group comparisons. Results: All groups showed residual filling material in the root canals. The amount of the residual filling materials was significantly reduced upon using passive ultrasonic irrigation (P<0.001). Conclusion: None of the irrigant activation methods was capable of completely removing the root canal filling material. Passive Ultrasonic irrigation enhanced the retreatment procedure of root canals previously obturated with gutta percha/bioceramic sealer.}, keywords = {bioceramic sealer,EndoVac,passive ultrasonic irrigation,retreatment,UltraX}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144103.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144103_2ac9d9da9e71ea78829576b0abc81bd0.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Nourane and Hassanein, Olfat and hamza, heba and el baz, maha}, title = {CLINICAL EFFICACY OF GIOMER VERSUS SODIUM FLUORIDE VARNISH FOR MANAGEMENT OF HYPERSENSITIVITY: RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRAIL}, journal = {Egyptian Dental Journal}, volume = {67}, number = {Issue 1 - January (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics)}, pages = {905-915}, year = {2021}, publisher = {The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)}, issn = {0070-9484}, eissn = {2090-2360}, doi = {10.21608/edj.2020.51707.1371}, abstract = {Aim: to assess the clinical effectiveness of Giomer varnish in comparison to sodium fluoride in reducing hypersensitivity. Methodology: Using a Split mouth design, 66 participants were enrolled. Each participant should have at least two sensitive teeth in different sides of the same jaw, with a visual analogue scale score two or more. Teeth were examined by using different stimuli: Evaporative, thermal and tactile stimuli. Sides were categorized randomly into two groups according to the desensitizing agents used either sodium fluoride or Giomer. Degree of Hypersensitivity was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) before the application of the agents , immediately after , 1 week and one month later . Data were analyzed using Two way ANOVA, partial eta-squared, Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square tests. Absolute risk, relative risk, relative risk reduction with 95% confidence interval. Results: Sodium fluoride exhibited high VAS scale at T1 3.39(1.11), T2 3.21(0.99) and T4 3.13(1.01) with a non-statistical difference between them. While at T3 statistically lower VAS scale 1.30 (0.9) was shown in this group. Giomer exhibited high VAS scale at T1 3.79(1.5) followed by T2 2.17(0.57) and T4 2.56(1.87) with a non-statistical difference between them. While at T3 lower VAS scale 0.17(0.57) was shown in this group. At T2 and T3, Giomer revealed statistically lower VAS scale and it exhibited a relative risk reduction by 83% at T3 and 24% at T4. Conclusion: Giomer varnish is a promising desensitizing agent, which can replace sodium fluoride varnish in management of hypersensitivity.}, keywords = {Hypersensitivity,Giomer varnish,Visual Analog Scale}, url = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144104.html}, eprint = {https://edj.journals.ekb.eg/article_144104_bab6866321a3c28652096bf8dd935b21.pdf} }