The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101THE EFFECT OF USING RETENTION SILICON ON ABUTMENT’S BONE LEVEL AND MOBILITY IN MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURES (RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL)2953019271210.21608/edj.2016.92712ENAmr AhmedNaguibRemovable Prosthodontics Department Faculty of Oral and Dental MedicineAhmedFayyadLecturer of Prosthodontics Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine Cairo UniversityAshrafAbdel-MenaemProfessor of Prosthodontics Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531This study was conducted to clinically and radiographically evaluate the effect of retaining mandibular overdenture, by retention silicon material, on the bone level of the abutment teeth. The patients were randomly divided into two groups A and B. All patients were treated by upper conventional complete dentures opposed by tooth supported lower complete overdentures. In group A, the overdenture abutment teeth were covered by post and copping carrying an attachment. Retention Silicon act as housing by relining the denture base in the area of the attachment. In group B, the overdenture abutment teeth were covered by post and copping only with no attachment mechanism. Radiographic evaluation was carried out by measuring the amount of change in alveolar bone height around the abutment teeth. The results of the study showed a significant alveolar bone loss around the abutment teeth in both groups. The group with attachment showed more alveolar bone loss. The amount of bone resorption was nearly 3 times more in the attachment group than the group without attachment by the end of the 6 months follow up periodThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101ORAL OR INJECTABLE ALOE VERA? APPROACHES FOR TREATING GINGIVITIS ASSOCIATED WITH LIGATURE INDUCED PERIODONTITIS IN WISTAR RATS3033139271310.21608/edj.2016.92713ENRanda H.MokhtarBDS Oral & Dental Medicine, Ain Shams University, Teaching Assistant in Misr International University (MIU)Nahed S.KoranyAssociate Professor of Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityNehad S.TahaAssociate Professor of Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Misr International University (MIU)Marwa M.S.AbbasLecturer of Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531Periodontitis is a set of inflammatory diseases affecting the periodontium, and the tissues that surround and support the teeth. Mouthwash solutions are mainly used for their antiseptic properties. They currently include synthetic agents, or essential oils. Many natural extracts may also be used, these associate both antiseptic effects and action on host response, due to their antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and analgesic, buffering, or healing properties. The best known are avocado oil, manuka oil, propolis oil, grapefruit seed extract, pycnogenol, Aloe Vera, Q10 coenzyme, green tea, and megamin.
<strong>AIM: </strong>The aim of this study is to assess and compare between the Oral and systemic administration of Aloe Vera on gingivitis Associated with induced periodontits in male Wistar rat.
<strong>METHODS: </strong>Forty adult male Wistar rats with an average weight 150-250 g, 6–7 weeks old were will be assigned to the ligature, and divided randomly into four groups with 10 rats in each group: The first group (control) were daily intraperitoneally injected with saline (5mg/kg). The rats of the second group were given Aloe Vera extract intraperitoneally (300mg/kg) starting one day before ligature and continuing for one month. The rats in the third group were given saline (5mg/kg) orally, while rats in the fourth group were given Aloe Vera extract (300mg/kg) by oral gavage starting one day before ligature and continuing for one month. At the end of 30 days for all groups, all animals were sacrificed, the gingiva was dissected, processed, and a set of sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for detection of any morphological changes. The other two sets of sections were labeled for localization of PCNA and caspase-3. The epithelial thickness was measured, and the data were calculated, analyzed and computed to compare the two routes of administration on the induced periodontitis.
<strong>RESULTS: </strong>There was a high significant difference between all groups in their epithelial thickness measurements and high significant difference between the oral and control groups. The immunohistochemistry revealed that there was an overall high significant difference in the PCNA and caspase-3 area% between the studied groups. In addition there has been a high significant increase the PCNA reaction in the oral and intraperitoneal groups versus the control group, while in caspase-3 immunostaining there has been a statistically significant increase in the control group versus both the oral and the peritoneal groups.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101EFFECTS OF SCALING AND ROOT PLANING WITH OR WITHOUT ORAL HYGIENE MEASURES ON THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND CLINICO-BIOCHEMICAL STUDY3153289271410.21608/edj.2016.92714ENNehad S.TahaAssociate Professor of Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Misr International University (MIU)MohamedZayedAssociate Professor of Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Misr International University (MIU)Ahmed MahmoudA. AzizLecturer of Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Misr International University (MIU)Journal Article20200531<span class="A7"><span>Periodontal disease involves complex interactions between bacterial products; host cells and locally produced biologically active factors. The role of cytokines, IL-1 beta and IL-6, in periodontal disease pathogenesis has been widely reported. In this study, we studied the role of periodontal treatment with and without oral hygiene measures through measuring the level of these cytokines in cervical gingival fluid and in gingival tissues. The study results demonstrated that the level of cytokines decreased after dental treatment without application of oral hygiene measures, but their levels decreased significantly if the dental treatment was associated with oral hygiene measures. This indicated that oral hygiene measures are important for better chronic periodontitis treatment. </span></span>The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101EFFECT OF ONE VERSUS TWO IMPLANT RETAINED OVERDENTURES ON BITING FORCE, MASTICATORY EFFICIENCY AND PATIENT SATISFACTION3293449271510.21608/edj.2016.92715ENMohamed H. S.AbdelnabiAssociate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Dept., Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University.Journal Article20200531<strong>Background: </strong>Single symphyseal implant-retained overdentures have been suggested as an alternative to the standard two implant treatment. There is, however, a need for more studies to compare the functional and patient outcome aspects of both treatment modalities.
<strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this prospective study is to compare the effect of single symphyseal versus two implant mandibular overdentures on the objective variables: maximum bite force (MBF) and masticatory efficiency (ME), in addition to patient satisfaction (PS) as a patient based outcome.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 completely edentulous male patients were initially included in this investigation: 50 from three previously published studies and simultaneously participating in this study in addition to 10 new subjects. 53 participants concluded the study. All subjects received new conventional complete dentures. After 2 months adaptation period, patients allocation was carried out into 3 groups based on the type of implant retained mandibular overdenture that will be constructed: Group (1) single symphyseal implants with locator attachments; Group (2) two interforaminal freestanding implants with locator attachments; Group (3) two splinted interforaminal implants with bar-clip attachments. A capacitive sensor was used to evaluate unilateral MBF. Sieve method was implemented for ME assessment. PS was evaluated in 7 functions using visual analogue scale. MBF and ME were assessed 2 months after conventional complete dentures insertion (baseline); and then at 6months, 1year and 2 years after implant functional loading. PS was monitored at baseline and 24 months after implant loading. Level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
<strong>Results: </strong>All subjects reported a significant improvement in MBF, ME and most of PS variables when implants were used in comparison to the baseline status with conventional dentures. No significant differences were observed between MBF and ME findings among the three groups after implant placement. PS function of maintaining hygiene showed less favourable outcomes in group 3.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mandibular implant retained overdentures in contrast to complete dentures improved maximum bite force, masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction. Outcomes with one and two splinted and unsplinted implants were comparable. Bars, however, complicated hygiene.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN FACULTY AND STUDENT ASSESSMENTS OF IMPRESSIONS MADE BY UNDERGRADUATES3453549271610.21608/edj.2016.92716ENAmal A.SwelemAssociate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Removable Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Mohamed H.AbdelnabiAssociate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Removable Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Egypt.Journal Article20200531<strong>Objective: </strong>Competency-based curricula aim to equip students with sufficient skills to enable them to deliver dental care safely. Assessment represents an essential component of a successful competency-based educational experience. This study investigated faculty and self-assessment of impressions, the cornerstones for any prosthodontic treatment, made by dental students in their first clinical prosthodontic course.
<strong>Methods: </strong>237 “first-attempt” preliminary impressions (115 maxillary; 122 mandibular) were assessed by 2 calibrated professional faculty and self-assessed by the students themselves. Assessment was based on specific clearly-defined criteria and a 3-level rating rubric: 0(non-acceptable); 1(acceptable); 2(ideal). Faculty assessed the impressions independently then together to agree on its acceptability. Impressions were counted acceptable when at-least 1 was scored for all criteria and students were considered competent in this clinical skill. Comparison between faculty scores and between faculty and self-assessment scores were statistically analyzed (P< 0.05).
<strong>Results: </strong>Based on faculty assessment, out of the 237 impressions; 2.5% (4 maxillary; 2 mandibular) were ideal, 62.45% (80 maxillary; 68 mandibular) were acceptable and 35% (31 maxillary; 52 mandibular) were unacceptable. Tray selection and border thickness were the most identified defective criteria. Inter-assessor agreement exceeded 95% in most criteria. There were statistically significant differences between faculty and student self-assessment scores with the latter giving higher scores.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>Students, in their first clinical course, usually require more than one attempt to make acceptable impressions. Competency was higher for maxillary impressions. Clearly-defined criteria and rubric-based assessment resulted in satisfactory agreement levels between assessors. Undergraduate students, at this educational level, tend to over-rate their work.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101THE EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT IMPLANT ATTACHMENT JUNCTION DESIGNS ON MANDIBULAR KENNEDY CLASS (II) SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: A RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION3553629271710.21608/edj.2016.92717ENMohamed FaroukAbdallaLecturer of Prosthodontics, Cairo UniversityAhmedFahmyLecturer of Prosthodontics, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Objective: </strong>This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a mandibular partial over denture supported by two different implant attachment designs on the supporting peri-implant bone.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fourteen patients were selected and divided into two groups; each group received one implant supported mandibular partial over denture in the distal extension area retained with ball and socket attachment. Group I: Received implants with conventional platform matching design (the abutment and implant of the same diameter) and Group II: Received implants with platform switched designs (the abutment is smaller in diameter than the implant). Radiographic evaluation was done using direct digital radiography. Bone density and bone loss measurements around implants were measured at denture insertion, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months intervals after partial over denture insertion.
<strong>Results: </strong>Mean percentage change was calculated followed by t-test for comparison between both groups, regarding bone height and density there was a statistically significant difference between the two implant designs for all the follow up periods with platform switched group (Group II) showing less values of bone loss, and better bone quality compared to the platform matching group (Group I).
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of implants with a modified platform (platform switching) improved preservation of the crestal boneThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THE ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LINGUAL FORAMEN AND ITS BONY CANAL IN THE MEDIAN REGION OF THE MANDIBLE IN A GROUP OF EGYPTIAN PATIENTS3633779271810.21608/edj.2016.92718ENSahar H.El DessoukyAssociate Professor Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531The mandibular interforaminal region has long been considered as the safest area for bone harvesting and implant placement. However, this region includes some important structures such as the lingual foramen and canal. With the increasing use of implants, the number of reported postoperative complications has been rising, therefore, preoperative assessment is a critical component of dental implant surgery to prevent the possibility of neurovascular accidents and complications.
<strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was undertaken to investigate the frequency and assess the anatomical characteristics of the lingual foramina and their associated bony canals in a group of Egyptian patients using CBCT and to determine the relation of age and gender to these characteristics.
<strong>Material and Methods: </strong>CBCT scans of 44 Egyptian males and 56 Egyptian females were examined to assess the frequency, distribution, diameter and vertical position of the lingual foramen as well as the course, length, angulation, bifurcation of the canal and the amount of bone buccal to it.
<strong>Results: </strong>of the 100 examined cases, 44.0% showed 1 lingual foramen, 44.0% showed 2 lingual foramina, 9.0% showed 3 lingual foramina and 3.0% showed 4 lingual foramina. 93.0% were superior and 49.0% were inferior. The mean distance to the alveolar crest was 18.2 ± 4.1 mm and to the menton was 13.1 ± 3.0 mm and the mean canal length was 7.3 ± 2.4 mm. 90% of the canals ran downwards, 5.0% upwards, 5.0% horizontal and in the axial plane 16.0% of the canals ran to the right, 17.0% to the left while 67.0% ran anteriorly and only 21.0% presented bifurcations. The mean vertical angulation was 60.0 ± 20.4 degrees and the mean horizontal angulation was 4.1 ± 6.9 degrees. The mean canal diameter was 0.94 ± 0.27 mm and the mean distance buccal to the foramen was 6.3 ± 1.8 mm. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between age and superior distance and a statistically significant positive correlation between age and inferior distance while no correlation was found between gender and any characteristic.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>The lingual foramina and canals present many anatomical characteristics and variations and the CBCT images were able to demonstrate them. The clinical use of CBCT to evaluate each case individually is of utmost importance during preoperative planning to avoid post-operative complications bringing the patients’ care to a higher standard of safety and perfection. The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101ACCURACY OF BROADRICK FLAG OCCLUSAL PLANE ANALYZER UTILIZING TWO DIFFERENT POSTERIOR SURVEY POINTS3793849271910.21608/edj.2016.92719ENFahad H.BanasrAssociate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20200531Occlusion and occlusal plane is the primary criterion in fabrication of posterior restorations. The Broadrick flag occlusal plane analyzer permits reconstruction of the curve of Spee in harmony with the anterior and condylar guidances. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Broadrick flag analyzer by using two different posterior survey points.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twelve subjects were selected according to certain criteria. Diagnostic casts were mounted in semi-adjustable articulator. The Broadrick flag occlusal plane analyzer was mounted on the upper member of articulator. The anterior survey point was scribed for the control mandibular dentulous side and for group 1 and 2 in the partially edentulous mandibular side while the posterior survey point was selected either from the distobuccal cusp of the mandibular second molar for the control side and group 1 partially edentulous side or the most anterior point of the condylar element of the Hanau H2 semiadjustable articular for both the control dentulous side and group 2 partially edentulous bounded side. The point of intersection between the anterior and posterior survey points is the occlusal center. The deviation of the survey center scribed on the buccal surface of the mandibular bicuspid and second molar was measured and subjected to statistical analysis.
<strong>Results: </strong>Paired samples t test or repeated measures test was used to evaluate the statistical significance between groups. The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the two reference points in the partially edentulous side but a statistical variation was found between the partially edentulous side and the control dentulous side among the leveling of the curve of Spee.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Broadrick flag occlusal plane analyzer is an easy precise and accurate instrument for occlusal plane analysis whether using the distobuccal cusp of the mandibular second molar or the most anterior point of the condylar element of the semi-adjustable articulator as a posterior survey pointsThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101EFFECT OF 4% ARTICAINE INFILTRATION VERSUS 2% LIDOCAINE NERVE BLOCK AFTER PREMEDICATION BY IBUPROFEN ON ANESTHETIC EFFICACY IN ENDODONTIC TREATMENT OF ACUTE IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL (PART III)3853919272010.21608/edj.2016.92720ENNesma AliShabaanB.D.S, Master Degree Student, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptGhada ELHilalyEidAssociate Professor of Endodontics, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptGeraldine MohamedAhmedAssociate Professor of Endodontics, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptJournal Article20200531<strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to assess effect of 4% articaine infiltration versus 2% lidocaine nerve block after premedication by ibuprofen on anesthetic efficacy in endodontic treatment of first mandibular permanent molar with acute irreversible pulpitis in a randomized clinical trial.
<strong>Subjects and Methods: </strong>Fifty-two patients actively experienced pain diagnosed to be irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular molar tooth accepted to participate in this single-blinded study and underwent single visit endodontic treatment. All patients were equally distributed in control and experimental group. Every patient received 4% artiacine as buccal infiltration or 2% lidocaine as inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) after one hour from receiving ibuprofen 600mg as premedication. Endodontic access was initiated after 10 minutes of anesthesia, lip numbness and electric pulp tester (EPT) reading. Pain during endodontic access cavity preparation and cleaning and shaping was recorded by visual analogue scale (VAS). When patients needed, they received intra-pulpal anesthesia of the same anesthetic solution as supplemental. All the data were collected and tabulated. Statistical analysis was performed by Microsoft Office 2013 (Excel), the significant level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was done by Chi square test for categorical data.
<strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference between lidocaine group (42.3%, 76.9%) and articaine group (53.8%, 69.2%), in success of pain control during access cavity preparation and cleaning and shaping, respectively.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>On the basis of the results of this study, it can be concluded that: The 4% articaine buccal infiltration and 2% lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block have the same anesthetic efficacy in mandibular first molar with irreversible pulpitis after premedication with ibuprofen.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101EFFECT OF TISSUE CONDITIONER COMBINED WITH NYSTATIN ON GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS IN COMPLETE DENTURE WEARERS3933989272110.21608/edj.2016.92721ENEman Mostafa AhmedIbraheemResearcher in Fixed and Removable Prosthodontic Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptWessam M.DehisResearcher in Fixed and Removable Prosthodontic Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200531<span class="A7"><strong><span>Aim: </span></strong></span><span class="A7"><span>this study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporation of Nystatin antifungal with tissue conditioner applied to the maxillary complete denture on growth of Candida Albicans. </span></span>
<span class="A7"><strong><span>Materials and methods: </span></strong></span><span class="A7"><span>Fifteen completely edentulous patients were selected and conventional complete dentures were fabricated for each patient. Viscogel tissue conditioner was applied at denture delivery. Isolation and identification of Candida albicans were done using Agar core inhibition assay after two months from wearing the denture. Then, a new application of viscogel mixed with Nystatin antifungal was applied replacing the first one and after additional two months from wearing the denture, Isolation and identification of Candida albicans was done. </span></span>
<span class="A7"><strong><span>Results: </span></strong></span><span class="A7"><span>there was no significant difference was observed before and after application of Nystatin antifungal. </span></span>
<span class="A7"><strong><span>Conclusion: </span></strong></span><span class="A7"><span>tissue conditioner when mixed with Nystatin antifungal showed no marked effect on inhibition of Candida Albicans. </span></span>The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101THE INFLUENCE OF ROOT CANAL TAPER AND CURVATURE ON THE STRESSES GENERATED DURING VERTICAL COMPACTION OBTURATION TECHNIQUE3994049272210.21608/edj.2016.92722ENEnas Mahmoud MoustafaSanadMaster Degree Dentist, Cairo UniversityGhada El-HilallyEidAssistant Professor Endodontic Department, Cairo UniversityHebatallah Mohamed MagedEl-FarProfessor Endodontic Department, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different taper on stresses generated within root canals that have varying degree of curvature when subjected to vertical compaction obturation technique.
<strong>Methods</strong>: Thirty extracted teeth were divided into three groups, group1: teeth with straight roots, group 2: teeth with moderate curvature roots, group3: teeth with severe curvature. Each group was divided into two subgroups: A or B according to the preparation taper of root canal either 2% or 6% taper. Molds were constructed to simulate the presence of root within artificial socket, then vertical compaction obturation technique is performed with force equal to 1kg at three levels apical, middle and coronal, then the samples were subjected to loading up to fracture.
<strong>Results</strong>: The result showed that there is no significance difference between the mean of fracture load of straight, moderate and severe curvature among the same group taper but 6% groups showed higher fracture resistance than 2% taper groups.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increasing the canal taper will decrease the internal stresses within the root canal The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF MASPIN AND CD34 IN NORMAL ORAL MUCOSA, AMELOBLASTOMA AND AMELOBLASTIC CARCINOMA4054159272310.21608/edj.2016.92723ENOmneya MWahbaLecturer, Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityDoaa ALabahLecturer, Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityShereen AAliAssistant Professor, Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University0000-0003-3794-2491Journal Article20200531<strong>Background: </strong>Maspin is a member of serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily that is considered as an epithelial-specific tumor suppressor. CD34 is transmembrane glycoprotein that could be used as a sensitive vascular marker and useful predictor of tumor progression.
<strong>Aim of study: </strong>To investigate the expression of maspin and CD34 in normal oral mucosa, different types of ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A total of 25 cases were used in this study and the achieved samples were divided into the following groups; normal gingival mucosa (n =5), unicystic ameloblastoma (n = 5), multicystic ameloblastoma; plexiform and follicular variants (n = 10 divided into 5 for each variant) and ameloblastic carcinoma (n = 5). To confirm the diagnosis and inclusion of the samples in the study, first 5-micron sections were prepared and were stained using hematoxylin-eosin staining protocol. Then, the blocks were prepared for immunohistochemical staining for maspin and CD34. Statistical analysis was used to compare maspin and CD34 among groups.
<strong>Results: </strong>Immunohistochemical study revealed positive maspin expression in all groups however significant decrease in its expression and tumor progress was detected with the least expression in ameloblastic carcinoma. On the other hand, the vascular endothelial cells within lamina propria were positively stained with CD34 in all groups. Unexpectedly, there was concomitant significant decrease in CD34 expression and tumor progress with the least expression in ameloblastic carcinoma.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maspin is normally expressed in oral mucosa and further researches are recommended to clarify its role in normal adult odontogenic tissue. Moreover, maspin expression could be used as an accurate determining factor in prognosis and prediction of the odontogenic tumor progress and having superior exactitude in comparison with the angiogenic marker CD34. The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101DETERMINATION OF THE COMBINED MESIODISTAL WIDTHS OF THE PERMANENT MANDIBULAR INCISORS AND THE MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR CANINES AND PREMOLARS IN A GROUP OF EGYPTIAN CHILDREN IN GIZA GOVERNORATE. “A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY”4174199272410.21608/edj.2016.92724ENMohamedHamdyMSC in Pediatric Dentistry, Cairo UniversitySherienEzz El-DinProfessor of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityGehanAbo El-NilAss Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine the combined mesiodistal widths of the permanent mandibular incisors and maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars in a group of Egyptian children in Giza governorate. Correlate between the combined mesiodistal widths of the teeth under study.
<strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A sample of three hundred patients with an age range from twelve to fifteen years attending the outpatient clinics of Giza hospitals was considered. Upper and lower impressions were taken. Each impression was poured immediately in stone plaster. Mesio-distal widths of mandibular incisors and maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars was measured from the study models using digital caliper.
<strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant difference in the mean mesiodistal tooth width between right and left sides in all teeth under study. Males showed larger mesiodistal tooth width than females. Positive correlations were found between mesiodistal teeth width of mandibular incisors and maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mesiodistal width of upper and lower canines and premolars can be predicted by measuring the mesiodistal width of lower incisors due to the positive correlation found between them.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101SHAPING ABILITY OF RECIPROCATING SINGLE-FILE AND PROTAPER ROTARY SYSTEMS IN CURVED SIMULATED ROOT CANALS4214279272510.21608/edj.2016.92725ENKhalidMerdadDepartment of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20200531<strong>Objective</strong>: The objective of this study was to compare the shaping ability of different rotary instruments operated either with continuous rotation or with reciprocating motion using Reciproc and WaveOne systems compared with ProTaper system in curved canals of simulated resin blocks.
<strong>Methods: </strong>A thirty resin blocks with simulated curved canals (VDW, Munich Germany) were divided into three groups, ten blocks in each group. Teeth were prepared according to manufacturers’ recommendation for each corresponding system. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were taken using digital camera (450D Canon) with micro lens (Canon EF 100mm. F/2.80). A fixed positioner was maintained for standardization and reproducibility. Measurements were made on superimposed pre and post instrumentation digital images and were carried out with Adobe Photoshop (CS3 Extended, version 10) at four points: orifice (O), beginning of the curve (BC), apex of the curve (AC) and end-point (EP). Difference in shaping ability and the amount of canal transportation were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Difference giving a p-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
<strong>Results: </strong>All instruments maintained the original canal curvature with significant difference between different files. The Pro-Taper group caused significantly greater widening of canals than Reciproc system at all points except at orifice level (P<0.05). Reciproc system showed the least amount of resin removed at all points. Pro-Taper system showed the highest transportation at all points except EC point (p<0.05). Reciproc showed the least transportation at all points. The direction of transportation at all points was toward the outer curvature except in Reciproc at BC and EP points. The Pro-Taper and WaveOne showed minor transportation toward the outer curvature, both groups caused significantly greater transportation than Reciproc at the BC point.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Under the conditions of this study, all instruments maintained the original canal curvature and were safe to use. Reciproc system showed a better shaping ability than other systems at all points. ProTaper had the highest tendency for transportation.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101MISDIAGNOSIS OF SWELLING AND PAIN RELATED TO LONG-TERM ENDODONTICALLY TREATED MOLAR TOOTH4294339272610.21608/edj.2016.92726ENKhalidMerdadDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdualziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaSaharBukharyDepartment of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdualziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaHelalSonbulDepartment of Operative dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdualziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaWaelEliasDepartment of Oral Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdualziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20200531Flare-up following endodontic treatment is an undesirable complication. In this case report, the patient presented with severe pain and swelling in the mandibular left quadrant, related to teeth # 35 and # 36. Clinical evaluation revealed an intraoral palpable bluish swelling. Past dental history showed that tooth # 36 was endodontically treated four years ago. The tooth was asymptomatic until the lingual cusp was fractured. A general practitioner replaced the coronal restoration, prepared the tooth, and took final impression. Immediately after, the patient developed symptoms and received antibiotic and analgesic therapy for three weeks.
Following comprehensive clinical assessment, tooth # 35 was excluded as a culprit, and tooth # 36 remained under investigation. Clinical and radiographic examination of tooth # 36 showed a less than-optimal root canal filling, furcation involvement, narrow zone of attached gingiva, and history of replacement of the coronal filling with post and core, which might have had an impact on the ecology of the tooth; all were suggestive of endodontic disease. On the other hand, perplexing signs such as lack of tenderness to percussion and continuity of the lamina dura, suggested otherwise.
The case was diagnosed as a previous root canal treatment with normal periapical tissue, and accordingly, endodontic retreatment was instigated. In addition, exploratory surgery was performed and blue pieces of elastomeric impression material were found, which might have been the cause of all the signs and symptoms. In this case, foreign body reaction is a probable diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to forewarn dentists of the risks associated with impression material in case of periodontal disease and to emphasize the importance of prioritizing the patient data to avoid the pitfalls of misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101MICRO SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF RESIN COMPOSITE TO TOOTH SUBSTRATES TREATED WITH ACID ETCHING OR CONDITIONED BY LASER: AN IN VITRO STUDY4354399272710.21608/edj.2016.92727ENNour Eldin Ibrahim AminIbrahimDemonstrator, Operative & Esthetics Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine British University, Cairo, EgyptAmira FaridEl ZoghbyProfessor of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityAsmaa YoussifHarhashAssistant Professor of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Egyptian Russian UniversityJournal Article20200531This study was performed to evaluate the micro shear bond strength of resin composite bonded to enamel and dentin pretreated with acid etchant or Er,Cr:Ysgg. M & M: 66 premolars were selected.Buccal and lingual surfaces were flattened.Teeth were randomly divided into two main groups according to etching methods (A); group (A1) etching by an Er, Cr: YSGG laser and (A2) etching by phosphoric acid. then each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to tooth substrate tested (S1) was for enamel, while (S2) was for dentin. Each subgroup was divided into three classes 11 specimens each according to storage time (T); stored for 1 day (T1), stored for 7 days (T2) and stored for 30 days (T3). Teeth were restored for microshear bond strength testing using universal testing machine; load was applied till specimen’s fail. Results: both laser-etched enamel and dentin showed lowest microshear bond strength mean compared to acid-etched one. Conclusion: Etching with Er,Cr: YSGG laser impair the micro shear bond strength of resin composite to enamel and dentin and does not constitute an alternative to its acid etching. The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101LIGHT TRANSMISSION THROUGH POSTS TO SIMULATED REGIONAL ROOT CANAL USING DIFFERENT CURING SOURCES4414529272810.21608/edj.2016.92728ENMohamed Atif MohamedAlkholyBDS - 2010,Mohamed FaragAyadProfessor of Fixed Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Light-activated luting agents have become an indispensable material for clinical dental use. However, it remains debatable as to which level, the light curing unit provides sufficient intensity of light to achieve polymerization.
<strong>Purpose</strong>: The purpose of this study was to assess quantitatively the light intensity transmitted from three different light sources through translucent glass fiber posts with sequential cuts at depths of 15 mm, 10 mm, 5.0 mm
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A 15 x 30 mm hollow Teflon ring was used. 60 specimens were prepared and assigned randomly into three groups (n=20 per each) according to the curing source. Within each group, 15 specimens were used for the experimental and 5 for the control group. For the experimental ones, a self-cure acrylic resin with black pigment was poured into the ring. A translucent glass fiber post was placed in the center of each ring and held in position till complete polymerization was occurred. For the control groups, the black resin blocks were filled with a lubricated dowel for its later removal. Therefore, the resin blocks with internal hollow orifices were obtained without the dowel. After preparing the blocks, readings for the passage of light will be made at the apical, middle , and cervical third level, involving dowel lengths of 15, 10, 5 mm respectively. A 40-second light exposure was used for each specimen and curing unit combination .The output of light intensity was recorded. Mean light intensities were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA test followed by Kruskal-Wallis tests at α = 0.05.
<strong>Results: </strong>Two-way ANOVA results of light intensities for the experimental and control groups demonstrated significant differences between the light curing units (P<0.001) and the root level (P<0.001). Moreover, their interaction was also significantly different (P<0.001). For the experimental groups, Kruskal Wallis test revealed the highest quantity of light intensity was recorded for the high power LED curing unit at the cervical level of the root canal. For the control groups, the highest quantity of light intensity was displayed for the HPLED curing unit at the cervical level of the root canal.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>The quantity of the light intensity transmitted from three different light sources are significant different through translucent glass fiber posts with sequential cuts at depths of 15 mm, 10 mm , 5.0 mmThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101CLINICAL AND LABORATORY EVALUATION OF RESIN BASED AND GLASS IONOMER FISSURE SEALANTS IN PERMANENT MOLARS OF CHILDREN4534619272910.21608/edj.2016.92729ENShimaa M.HadwaDemonstrator, Pedodontic, Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry Department, Faculty of dentistryNahed AA.Abu HamilaProfessor of Pedodontics, Faculty of dentistry, Tanta UniversityTalat M.BeltagyAssistant Professor of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityGehan A.El-OleimyLecturer of Dental Biomaterial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Background: </strong>Over the last few decades, several advancements have been made in caries prevention. The use of pit and fissure sealant is one of the essential forms of prevention. Sealants protect the occlusal surfaces, inhibiting bacterial growth and providing a smooth surface<strong>. </strong>
<strong>Methods: Clinical study: </strong>Forty healthy children aged 6-10 years were selected from the outpatient clinic of the Pedodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. 40 molars were sealed with "Ionoseal" & 40 molars were sealed with "Fissurit F".
<strong>Laboratory study: </strong>Twenty caries-free human permanent premolars were collected and stored in 0.5% chloramines solution, then cleaned and stored in distilled water (20°C) until use. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine at cross-head speed of 1mm/min.
<strong>Results: </strong>For the clinical study, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups but the quality of restorations gradually decreased from 3-months visit to 9 months visit in both groups. "Fissurit F" had better clinical performance than "Ionoseal". Both materials showed similar results with respect to caries prevention. The bond strength of "Ionseal" was statistically lower than "Fissurit F".
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The resin based fissure sealant had better clinical performance than glass ionomer cement. Both materials showed similar results with respect to caries preventionThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101EFFECT OF IMPLANT ANGULATION AND TRAY TYPE ON DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY OF OPEN TRAY IMPLANT IMPRESSIONS4634759273010.21608/edj.2016.92730ENHayat I.MahrousDemonstrator of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptGhada I.ShehabProfessor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptHanaa I.SallamAssistant Professor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptJournal Article20200531<strong>Statement of the problem: </strong>Impression making is a critical clinical step to record accurately the three-dimensional intraoral relationships among implants, teeth and adjacent structures. Inaccuracy during impression making inevitably leads to laboratory errors resulting in lack of precision and misfit of the final prostheses. Several clinical variables may affect the precision of impression particularly in the presence of multiple angulated implants.
<strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant angulation and tray type on dimensional accuracy of open tray implant impressions.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A unilateral free end saddle dentate acrylic maxillary model resembling Kennedy class II starting from a missing canine was used in this study. Three models were duplicated from the acrylic model into epoxy resin master models. In each model, three implants were inserted in the sites of missing canine, second premolar and second molar. According to the direction of implant insertion, the master models were classified into three groups: <strong>Group 1</strong>: The three implants were inserted with 0° angulation (straight, control group). <strong>Group 2</strong>: The three implants were inserted with 15° angulation. <strong>Group 3: </strong>The three implants were inserted with 25° angulation. For all groups, open tray impressions were taken. Impressions of each group were subdivided according to the tray type into two subgroups: <strong>Subgroup A: </strong>Open tray impressions using custom made trays. <strong>Subgroup B: </strong>Open tray impressions using ready-made trays. All impressions were poured with type IV dental stone to obtain stone casts. Dimensional accuracy of the impressions was assessed using the travelling microscope. Reference distances were measured by standardized measurement protocol on the stone casts and compared with similar distances in the master models.
<strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the three implant angulations. 25° angulation showed the highest mean of dimensional changes while, there was no statistically significant difference between 0° and 15° angulations in dimension II and III (<strong><em>P value </em></strong>= 0.009 & <0.001 respectively). Regarding the effect of tray type, the results showed that there was statistically significant difference in dimensional changes and the percent of dimensional changes between the two tray types in dimension III (<strong><em>P value </em></strong>= 0.019). Custom made tray showed statistically significant higher dimensional changes compared to ready-made tray.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>Impressions with ready-made trays showed less dimensional changes in case of 25° angulated implants.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101BIPHASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE VERSUS BIPHASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE COATED WITH POLYLACTIDE –CO- GLYCOLIDE IN IMMEDIATE DENTAL IMPLANT AUGMENTATION (A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY)4774859273110.21608/edj.2016.92731ENMohamed Fouad AbdallahEdreesLecturer of Oral medicine, periodontology, oral diagnosis and dental radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Assiut) - Al-Azhar UniversityAbdel Aziz Baiomy AbdullahBaiomyLecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Assiut) - Al-Azhar UniversityHossam El-Din MohamedAliLecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Assiut) - Al-Azhar UniversityMohammed Mahgob MohammedAl-AshmawyLecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Assiut) - Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20200531The present study was designed to compare clinically and radiographicaly between immediate dental implant augmented with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and it augmented with BCP coated with polylactide -co- glycolide (PLGA).This study was carried out on twenty adult male patients ,which were divided into two groups (group I included ten patients received immediate implant augmented with BCP ,while group II included ten patients were received immediate implants augmented with biphasic BCP coated with PLGA). Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically to assess Gingival Index (GI) ,Probing pocket depth (PPD) , Marginal bone level (MBL), and Bone density measurement (BD) parameters at 3, 6, 9&12 months. Statistical analysis of GI and MBL results showed no significant difference in both groups at the different intervals while PPD results showed significant difference between both groups only at 9 and 12 months. On the same side, BD measurements showed statistical difference between groups at 3 month and highly statistical significant difference at 6, 9 and 12 months. The present study concluded that BCP coated with PLGA was significantly superior in comparison with BCP in augmentation of immediate dental implantThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101PREVALENCE OF COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY AMONG DENTAL STUDENTS IN ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT4874929273310.21608/edj.2016.92733ENAmr A.El-ToukhyGraduate Student, Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Ihab A.HammadProfessor, Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptAmir S.AzerLecturer, Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20200531<strong>Introduction: </strong>The key objective of esthetics in dentistry is to create natural blending, with well-proportioned teeth considering the parameters of surface form, translucency and color. Tooth color is determined either instrumentally or visually. Instrumental color determination of teeth is not error proof. Visual color determination, though subjective, is the most commonly applied method. Consequently, color vision deficiency would fundamentally influence this method.
<strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of color vision deficiency among dental students in Alexandria, Egypt.
<strong>Methodology: </strong>Four hundred dental students were randomly selected [200 males and 200 females] to participate in this study. An informed consent was obtained and brief instructions were given. To facilitate the scoring and analysis of the results, a key answer sheet was used.
<strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that 4.5% of the males had color vision deficiency; meanwhile none of the females had color vision deficiency. Among the discovered color vision deficient males, 66% were not aware of their conditionThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101RELIABILITY OF TWO STAIN REMOVAL REGIMES ON COLOR CHANGE OF CONTEMPORARY RESIN-BASED RESTORATIVE MATERIALS IN VITRO STUDY4935049273410.21608/edj.2016.92734ENY. MHamoudaDemonstrator of Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityH. Y.El SayedProfessor of Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityTh. M.GenaidProfessor of Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the reliability of two methods of stain removal on the color change of a nanohybrid composite resin (N-Fill) and a resin-modified glass ionomer (Ionolux) after being subjected to a combined effect of staining by commonly consumed beverages.
<strong>Materials and methods</strong><em>: </em>Twenty disk-shaped specimens were prepared from each of the two tested materials (N-Fill) and (Ionolux) representing groups (I) and (II) respectively. All specimens were stained individually in tea and cola solutions for 30 days. The stained specimens were divided randomly according to the method used for stain removal into equal groups of ten specimens each (IA), (IIA), (IB) and (IIB). Specimens in group (IA) and (IIA) were polished with Sof-Lex system, while those in group (IB) and (IIB) were bleached with Opalescence Boost 40% HP. VITA Easy-shade spectrophotometer was used to measure the color of the specimens utilizing Commission international de l’éclairage L*a*b* color system. Measurements were performed four times: at baseline (original color), after staining, after polishing in group (IA) and (IIA) and after bleaching in group (IB) and (IIB). The color difference values (ΔE*) were calculated and statistically analyzed using One-way ANOVA and student t-tests at level of significance (P ≤ 0.05).
<strong>Results: </strong>Staining resulted in a perceptible ΔE* values (>3.3) in both materials. The recorded value (7.59) for Ionolux was beyond the clinically acceptable range (2.72-6.8) and was statistically significant different from that recorded for N-Fill (4.37). Polishing significantly affected color of N-Fill (ΔE*=19.05) compared to Ionolux (ΔE*=10.07). While ΔE* values recorded after bleaching (19.64 and 15.7) were not statistically significant from each other.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tested polishing and bleaching procedures utilized to remove stain from both tested materials resulted in a significant color change that was beyond the clinically accepted range.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101EFFECT OF REMINERALIZATION ON METROLOGY OF SURFACE FEATURES OF INDUCED ACID ERODED TOOTH ENAMEL5055149273510.21608/edj.2016.92735ENL. T.KashkoshDemonstrator of Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityT. M.GenaidProfessor of Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityW. M.EtmanProfessor of Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the remineralization potential presented by surface metrology, of two remineralizing agents: CPP-ACPF (MI paste plus) and fluoride containing mouthwash (Aquafresh extra care mouthwash) on the induced acid erosion bovine enamel.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Ten freshly extracted bovine permanent incisors were selected. The incisal one third of their crowns were sectioned by a slow speed diamond disc. The labial surface of each sample was examined under atomic force microscope (AFM) to record its surface roughness (Ra values). All samples were then demineralized by citric acid solution and reexamined under AFM .The demineralized samples were randomly divided into two equal groups I and II (5 samples each), according to the remineralization regimen used; samples in group I were treated with MI Paste plus while those in group II were treated with Aquafresh extra care mouthwash. All samples were reexamined under AFM to evaluate Ra values.
<strong>Results</strong>: Acid erosion showed an increase of surface roughness value (72.85 nm) compared to that recorded for the original surface (38.45 nm). After remineralization, there was a decrease of the mean Ra value in group I (52.78nm) and group II (59.54 nm). ANOVA test revealed a statistical significant difference among base line data (original enamel surface), demineralized and remineralized samples in both groups. Scheffe`s test revealed a statistical significant difference between mean Ra value of demineralized samples versus that of base line data as well as that of remineralized samples in both groups.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: The tested CPP-ACP based compound offered a significant remineralization potential of initially eroded bovine enamel compared to the tested fluoride containing mouthwash as detected by reduced surface roughnessThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101MICROLEAKAGE EVALUATION OF GLASS CARBOMER CEMENT WITH AND WITHOUT SURFACE COAT IN PRIMARY MOLARS (IN VITRO STUDY)5155249273610.21608/edj.2016.92736ENAmrHassanMSc in Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityMagdaEl TekeyaProfessor of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversitySeham AHanafyProfessor of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityDalia AMTalaatLecturer of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the microleakage of the glass carbomer cement with and without protective surface coat in primary molars and to compare it to conventional glass ionomer cement.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Forty sound primary molars were included in the study. They were divided into two groups (n=20) according to the restorative material tested. Group A (experimental group): Teeth were restored using glass carbomer cement, and group B (control group): Teeth were restored using conventional glass ionomer cement. Then each group was further subdivided into two sub-groups according to the presence of surface coat. After teeth restoration, they were immersed in methylene blue solution for 24 hours then they were sectioned longitudinally into two equal halves and tested for microleakage.
<strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant difference between the microleakage scores of glass carbomer cement with surface coat (sub-group A1) and without protective surface coat (sub-group A2) in favor of sub-group A1. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the microleakage scores of conventional glass ionomer cement with surface coat (sub-group B1) and without protective surface coat (sub-group B2). By comparing the 4 sub-groups, sub-group A1 showed the lowest microleakage score, while sub-group A2 showed the highest score with statistically significant difference.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surface coat when added to the glass carbomer cement yields less microleakage than the unsealed glass carbomer and conventional GIC.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101FIT ACCURACIES OF THE SWING LOCK REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE FRAMEWORKS CONSTRUCTED WITH TWO DIFFERENT DOUBLE CASTING TECHNIQUES5255329273710.21608/edj.2016.92737ENAisha Z. H.MustafaLecturer, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Purpose: </strong>This article compares the fit accuracies of the swing lock metallic frameworks constructed with two different double casting techniques.
<strong>Material and methods: </strong>An experimental mandibular acrylic model with the only remaining 6 anterior teeth was constructed. 4 partial metallic frameworks of S/L RPD were constructed using two methods of the double casting technique. For standardization 4 lingual parts of S/LRPD was constructed to be used with the 2 groups. The 2 groups differed in the method of construction of the labial part either with or without reduplication of the master cast. A standard measure scope was used to measure in micrometer the fit of the labial part of each of the S/L RPD metallic framework to the model. The SPSS program was used for data analysis. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the normality of the data. Paired samples t-test was used to compare the fit of the two groups. P was significant if < 0.05 at confidence interval 95%.
<strong>Result: </strong>No significant difference was present between the two different methods for double casting technique of S/L RPD where P = 0.062.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The two methods for double casting technique results in an accurate casting, but the one without reduplicating the cast saves time.
<strong>Clinical implication: </strong>The double casting technique without reduplicating the cast saves the time.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101ASSESSMENT OF PUBERTAL GROWTH SPURT IN EGYPTIAN ADOLESCENTS USING MIDDLE PHALANX OF THE MIDDLE FINGER (MP3) IN ALEXANDRIA GOVERNORATE: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY5335379273810.21608/edj.2016.92738ENMohamed ZahirAlmolkiM.D.Sc, Cairo University, EgyptFatma AbdouEl-SayedProf. of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityManal YehiaFoudaProf. of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Aim of this study: </strong>to assess the pubertal growth spurt in a group of Alexandria school male adolescents, using the developmental stages of the middle phalanx of the middle finger (MP3), and to evaluate the skeletal maturity age differences between Alexandria male adolescents and other populations.
<strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: A sample of 1100 male students for Alexandria was included in this study with age range from 11 to 16 years was collected. A Radiograph for the middle phalanx of the middle finger by digital dental radiograph for the assessment of MP3 maturation stages was taken for each subject.
<strong>Results: </strong>The MP3-G stage (signifying the peak of pubertal growth spurt) was found with high prevalence in subjects aged >13-14 years with mean of age 13.76 y.
<strong>Conclusion: 1. </strong>The mean skeletal maturity age (MP3-G stage) that represents the peak of height velocity (PHV) in Egyptian adolescent males of Alexandria was found to be 13.76 y ± 1.15 years. 2 The newly digital radiography of the MP3 region is definitely an available, simple technique of high clarity, low radiation.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY VERSUS DRY NEEDLING FOR INACTIVATION OF MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS5395459273910.21608/edj.2016.92739ENSherif Mohamed EzzatSayedB.D.S. 2005, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityHamidaRefaiProfessor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityNermineHassaninAss. Prof. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University.Ahmed AbbasZakyAss. Prof of Dental Laser Application, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare two forms of treatment for inactivation of MTrPs: laser therapy and dry needling. This study included 17 females and 1 male patients with active myofascial trigger points of masseter muscle of ages ranged from 18 to 42 years with an average of 30 years divided into 2 equal groups, in the 1st group the MTrPs received application of low level laser (diode laser of wavelength 980 nanometers, power 0.2 watt, total energy 12 joule and exposure time 50 seconds) while in the 2nd group the MTrPs underwent dry needling. Both groups underwent 3 treatment sessions a week for 4 weeks; each session took 50 seconds and were assessed for the pain intensity at rest, on function and on palpation [PP] measured by NRS and the painless MMO. All were measured prior to the treatment, at the end of 2- weeks (mid-treatment), at the end of 4- weeks (end of treatment), and monthly after completion of treatment for 3months. The results of the present study demonstrated that all evaluated parameters showed insignificant differences between both groups throughout the study intervals. However, laser group showed statistically significantly higher mean % decrease in pain scores at rest at the end of treatment than dry needling group. While at the end of the study, dry needling group showed statistically significantly higher mean % decrease in pain scores on function than Laser group. At the end of treatment, laser group showed statistically significant analgesic effect of LLLT. With the exception of statistically significant decrease in mean PP scores, dry needling group showed insignificant decrease in pain intensity at the end of treatment. There was no statistically significant change in mean MMO through all periods in both groups. By the end of the study, all the evaluated parameters showed insignificant difference relative to the baseline with the exception of the significant decrease in mean PP scores in dry needling group.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101EFFECT OF N’- NITROSONORNICOTINE (NNN) ON THE PALATAL FUSION IN MICE AND THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR5475599274010.21608/edj.2016.92740ENKhaled A.HusseinAssistant Professor, Department of Oral and Dental Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptAtef I.AhmedLecturer, Department of Oral and Dental Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.Journal Article20200531<strong>Background</strong>: Maternal smoking has been linked to an increased risk for orofacial clefts. <em>N’- </em>nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is one of the tobacco specific nitrosamines that has been showed to be linked to the deleterious effects of tobacco and could linked to the formation cleft birth defects.
<strong>Objective|: </strong>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of <em>N’- </em>nitrosonornicotine (NNN) on palatal fusion in mice and the role of transforming growth factor α during palatogenesis.
<strong>Methodology: </strong>Adult C57BL/6J mice of 7-12 weeks old and weighing about 20-35 g were utilized in this experiment. Females were mated overnight with males. Twenty four pregnant mice were divided into two equal groups, group I, a control group (n=10), which received dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and group II, an experimental group (n=10), which received <em>N’- </em>nitrosonornicotine (NNN) dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). Histological and immunohistochemical effects of NNN on the palatogenesis of mice prenatally were evaluated.
<strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that administration of NNN inhibit fusion of the palatal processes in mice.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a tight regulatory relationship between the TGFα and the normal palate developmentThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101ADAPTATION OF REPAIRED RESIN COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS USING SONICFILL COMPOSITE5615649274110.21608/edj.2016.92741ENNelly Hussein SabrySaadaDemonstrator, Operative & Esthetics Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine British University, Cairo, EgyptMai MahmoudYousryProfessor of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityMohamed FouadHaridyAssociate Professor of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531This study was done to determine the number of voids present in repaired resin composite restoration using different types of composite. M & M: 60 premolars were selected, Class I cavity preparation was done having two standardized mesial and distal defect to be further repaired. Teeth were aged for 1 month then followed by the repair procedure. Teeth were divided into four group according to surface treatment (S0) no surface treatment, (S1) Etching only, (S2) was etch-and-rinse while (S3) self-etch group. Then repair was done using conventional composite (M1), flowable composite (M2), and sonicfill composite (M3). Teeth were cut into two halves using Isomet saw to be further examined under Digital Handheld Light Microscope. Conclusion: A statistical significant difference was found between different materials with no surface treatment with p value < 0.005, while no statistical significant difference with other surface treatments with different materialThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101THE EFFECT OF RELATIVE ENAMEL/DENTIN SHADE THICKNESS ON THE COLOR OUTCOME OF RESIN COMPOSITE SYSTEMS5655699274210.21608/edj.2016.92742ENAhmed TarekMetwallyTeaching Assistant at Operative Dentistry Department , Misr International UniversityOlaFahmyProfessor of Operative Dentistry, Misr International UniversityMohamedAbd El MohsenProfessor of Operative Dentistry, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531<span>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of relative thickness of different resin composite systems using enamel and dentin shades following the natural layering concept on the final color outcome. Ninety resin composite discs were assigned according to resin composite system into three groups of 30 discs each: Ceram X Duo (S1), Filtek™ Z350 XT (S2) and Amaris® (S3). Each group was divided in to 3 subgroups (n=10) according to the relative Enamel (E) : Dentin (D) thickness in to 0.5mm E: 1.5mm D (T1), 1 E: 1 D (T2), 1.5 E:0.5 D (T3) on top of 0.5mm thick basic enamel background as a standardized layer simulating the clinical condition. A Vitapan A2 classical shade tab was used as a reference shade to which the different specimens of the three tested systems were compared. Color difference (</span><span>Δ</span><span>E) was measured and calculated using an electronic shade detection device which is VITA Easyshade® Advance 4.0 over a black background. UV-Shimadzu 3101 pc-spectrophotometer was also used in this study to confirm the results obtained by Easyshade Advance 4.0. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05) </span><span>Δ</span><span>E. All tested composite systems at all thickness showed significant color difference (</span><span>Δ</span><span>E) when compared to each other with the increase of the enamel shade thickness. Although the </span><span>Δ</span><span>E between S2T1 and A2 shade tab was statistically significant, but clinically not perceptible (</span><span>Δ</span><span>E=1.780 ± 0.1814).</span>The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101INFLUENCE OF FINISH LINE DESIGN ON THE VERTICAL MARGINAL DISCREPANCY OF ENAMIC HYBRID CERAMIC: IN VITRO STUDY5715769274310.21608/edj.2016.92743ENAshraf Mohammad AymanDabbousiB.D.S IUST University, Master Degree of Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo UniversityRabab MohammedIbrahimProfessor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityRana MahmoudSherifAssociate Professor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Aim of the study</strong>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of finish line design (chamfer and shoulder) on the vertical marginal gap distance, and fracture resistance of Hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany).
<strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: Two stainless steel dies were machine milled to simulate a tooth preparation for a ceramic crown of a mandibular second molar with two finish line configurations 1mm chamfer and 1 mm shoulder<em>. </em>Each die was 6-mm in height, 8-mm in cervical diameter, 6mm in occlusal diameter and had a total occlusal convergence of 16<sup>o</sup>. Digitalization of both dies and milling of hybrid restorations was made using CAD-CAM technology. Sixteen full coverage hybrid ceramic crowns were constructed from milled Vita Enamic hybrid ceramic blocks. The samples were divided into two equal groups’ eight samples for each finish line tested.-Group Ac: eight samples (n=8) with Chamfer finish line.Group Bs: eight samples (n=8) with Shoulder finish line. All restorations were positioned onto a digital-microscope, magnification 50 X, and the images were captured and transferred to a IBM personal computer equipped with the Image-tool software to measure the vertical marginal gap distance.
<strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (Ac, Bs) where the mean values were (35.44μm and 48.36μm) respectively at <em>p=0.002. </em>
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>the vertical marginal gap values of both finish line designs are within the clinically accepted rangeThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 2)20160101ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF A MOUTHWASH CONTAINING HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLES ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH CHLORHEXIDINE/FLUORIDE5775819274410.21608/edj.2016.92744ENOmnia MagdyMostafaB. D. Sc. (Cairo University, 2008)Enas HusseinMobarakProfessor, Operative Dentistry Department , Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityHeba AhmedEl-DeebAssociate Professor, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityMohamed RiadFaridProfessor, Operative Dentistry Department , Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200531<strong>Aim: </strong>This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a mouthwash containing clusters of zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in combination with chlohexidine or fluoride.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Antimicrobial agents used in this study were Chlorhexidine diacetate, Sodium fluoride powder and Dr.Wolff’s Biorepair against <em>Streptococcus mutans </em>(MS). In this study, the relative antimicrobial efficacy of newly introduced zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite nanoparticels containing mouthwash, chlorhexidine, sodium fluoride and their combination against MS was tested. The MS was inoculated onto its specified culturel media. Agar diffusion test is done. The inhibition zone diameters were measured. Mean inhibition zone diameters were recorded and statistically analyzed
<strong>Result: </strong>For the effect of the tested antibacterial on the <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>, results showed that the mean diameter and standard deviation of inhibition zone (mm) for chlorhexidine (CHX) was 23.9 (2.04) mm, sodium fluoride (NaF) was 12.2 (0.75) mm, hydroxyapatite microclusters containing mouthwash (HAPMC) was 18.2 (1.3) mm, HAPMC+CHX was 22.5 (2.6) mm and HAPMC+NaF was 18.7 (1.8) mm.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hydroxyapatite microclusters containing mouthwash had a potential antimicrobial activity against MS alone or in combination with other antimicrobials