The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101ADAPTATION OF SONIC-FILL VERSUS BULK-FILL RESIN COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS5835869506910.21608/edj.2016.95069ENMohamed R.El-BialyDemonstrator, Operative & Esthetics Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptMai M.YousryProfessor, Operative & Esthetics Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptAhmed A.Al-ZohairyAssistant Professor, Operative & Esthetics Department, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200611This study was performed to evaluate adaptation of sonic-fill versus bulk-fill resin composite restorations.
<strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: A total number of 80 standardized Class II cavities were prepared on both proximal walls of total number of 40 premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups, of 20 teeth each, according to the material; either SonicFill or X-tra Fil resin composite in bulk (5mm). Each group was divided into two equal subgroups, of 10 teeth each, according to sonic vibration applied; either application of resin composite using sonic vibration or without sonic vibration. Each subgroup was divided into 2 classes, of five teeth each (with 10 proximal restorations), according to the aging duration; either after 24 hours or 12 months in artificial saliva at 37˚C. The specimens were observed after tracing by caries detecting dye under 70X magnification.
<strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference between Sonicfill and X-tra Fil resin composite materials either used with the use of sonic vibration or manual packing. Moreover, aging has no significant effect on voids formation in the composite/tooth interface.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Application techniques either using sonic application or manual packing. Moreover, aging revealed no difference for both materials regarding adaptation.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EFFECT OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) VERSUS HALOGEN PHOTO- POLYMERIZATION ON SHEAR BOND STRENGTHOF THREE TYPES OF RESIN COMPOSITES5875949507110.21608/edj.2016.95071ENMonaAbd EltawabPost Graduate Student in Operative Dentistry, Cairo UniversityAmiraAl ZogbyProfessor of Operative Dentistry, Cairo UniversityFatenKamelProfessor of Operative Dentistry, Cairo UniversityDaliaAbu El MagdProfessor of Operative Dentistry, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the effect of light emitting diode (LED) and halogen (QTH) photopolymerization on shear bond strength of three types of resin composites.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty molars were selected and randomly assigned into 6 groups. The materials used were: Hybrid resin composite, nano-filled resin composite and silorane based resin composite. The analyzed resin composites were polymerized either by LED or halogen curing sys- tems. After 24 hours storage in distilled water the specimen was submitted to push-out shear bond strength testing using a universal testing machine at cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. one debonded representative specimen of each tested group was examined using an environmental scanning elec- tron microscope to determine the mode of failure.
<strong>Results: </strong>All the specimens cured by LED demonstrated higher shear bond strength than those cured by QTH. There was no statistically significant difference between the two light curing units (LCUs) except for nano-filled resin composite that showed a significant difference. Silorane based resin composite groups were statistically significant higher than nano-filled and hybrid resin com- posites groups. While nano-filled resin composites was statistically non-significant higher than hy- brid resin composite groups.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>(1) The light emitting diode is effective as halogen curing light to obtain resin- composite with shear bond strength of no significant difference. (2) The silorane-based resin-com- posite restorative material is promising material regarding bonding efficiency to dentin.
<strong>Recommendation: </strong>It is advised to cure nano-filled resin composite with light emitting diode (LED) to obtain higher shear bond strength to dentinThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EFFECT OF OCCLUSAL VERTICAL DIMENSION OF COMPLETE DENTURE ON MAXIMUM BITING FORCE5956009507310.21608/edj.2016.95073ENEmad B.Abdel-SalamAssociate Professor of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch).Yasmeen F.AlmahdyAssociate Professor of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Girls branch).Yaser A.BarakaLecturer of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saina University.Hesham I.MostafaLecturer of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future UniversityJournal Article20200611Ten completely edentulous male patients; ranging in age from 45 to 50 years, were selected to study the effect of changing the vertical dimension of occlusion of complete denture wearers on the maximum biting force. For each patient five heat cured acrylic resin record blocks were constructed with different vertical dimensions. Bilateral seats in the premolar area were prepared within the occlusion rim to accommodate for the load cell used in biting measurement. The height of the load cell was 8 mm while the seats were prepared to be one mm less than the height of the load cell to facilitate the registration of the biting force. The base of the seat was prepared parallel to the occlusal plane. The biting force measurements were done by the record blocks with different vertical dimensions unilaterally (right side then left side measurements). The results of this study showed the values of biting forces upon changing the vertical dimension of occlusion in the right and left sides. When the vertical dimension of occlusion increased 3 mm there was an increase in the maximum biting force, while when the vertical dimension of occlusion increased 6 mm; the maximum biting force was decreased than that values obtained by 3 mm increase in vertical dimension. On the other hand when the vertical dimension of occlusion was decreased by 3 mm and 6 mm, the maximum biting force was decreased. The results of the present study concluded that the vertical dimension of occlusion is not an optimal vertical dimension that produces the maximum biting forces.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101THE EFFECT OF BONE MARROW DERIVED STEM CELLS ON AGE CHANGES OF SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLANDS (HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY)6016089507410.21608/edj.2016.95074ENHussein S.MohammedTeaching Assistant of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Nahda UniversityRababMubarakProfessor of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University and Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry, Beni Suef University.Radwa H.HegazyAssociate Professor of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityLaila A.RashedProfessor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Background: </strong>Stem cells are one of the most recent and effective regenerative therapeutic techniques for various tissues damages.
<strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to study the effect of bone marrow derived stem cells injection on age changes of submandibular salivary glands
<strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen male albino rats (aging six months and weighing 100-150 grams each) served as group I, were administered saline. Thirty old male albino rats (aging fifteen months and weighing 200-250 grams each) They were fed the standered laboratory diet and divided equally into group II were get infused with saline intravenously and group III were subjected to intravenous infusion by mesenchymal stem cells. Rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks. The submandibular salivary glands were dissected out and prepared for histological and immunohistochemical examinations..
<strong>Results: </strong>Light microscopic examination of old aged group II, revealed generalized atrophy of the secretory portions with numerous intracellular vacuoles. Secretory cells revealed deeply stained pyknotic nuclei. The granular convoluted tubules showed generalized atrophy with complete loss of their eosinophilic granules. The excretory ducts appeared dilated with degenerated epithelial lining and retained secretion. Widening of the connective tissue septa with chronic inflammatory cells infiltration was also detected. While BM-MSCs treated group III, revealed well defined serous acini having distinct outline. Well formed striated ducts were also detected. Immunohistochemical examination of cytokeratin # 5, 6 & 18 and myosin expression among the studied groups revealed that their immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the old age rats (Group II) than those of both groups I & III. Also, statistical analysis of bax expression revealed that their immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the old age rats (Group II) than those of both groups I & III.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravenously administration of BM-MSCs played a tangible role in ameliorating age related changes in submandibular salivary glands.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101PRECIPITATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO ALUMINA SURFACE COATING FOR SURFACE TREATED PARTIALLY STABILIZED ZIRCONIA6096229507610.21608/edj.2016.95076ENSherine S.StinoDemonstrator, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. Cairo, EgyptDalia M.Abdel-HamidAssociate Professor, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. Cairo, EgyptMadiha A.ShoeibProfessor, Chemistry & Technology of Ceramic, Coating, Surface Treatment and Corrosion Control Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI). Cairo, EgyptAzza A-Z.HashemProfessor, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200611This study aimed at developing a controlled method for the precipitation of nano-alumina coating on surface treated yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP). Thirty zirconia discs were prepared and divided into 2 main groups: Polished zirconia (<strong>I</strong>) and sulfuric acid treated zirconia surface (<strong>II</strong>). These were further subdivided into 3 subgroups <strong>(A, B, C) </strong>respectively: Control uncoated, surface coating with nano-structured alumina using aluminum nitride powder (AlN) as a reference method, and aluminum sulfate powder Al2(SO4)3 as an alternative aluminum ion source. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for specimen’s characterization. The XRD analysis revealed that IB, IIB exhibited wide peaks of nano-boehmite with peaks of unreacted AlN. After heat treatment, the lamellae transformed to nano-alumina. While IC, IIC groups revealed peaks of nano-boehmite only, transformed to nano-alumina by heat treatment. SEM of IB, IIB revealed bundles with nano-sized interlocked lamellae exhibiting large surface area. Groups IC, IIC had a leafy-like structure, randomly positioned nano-alumina crystals. Better retentive surface features were confirmed for IIB, IIC. It has been concluded that alumina precursors, pH, temperature and stirring time are sensitive parameters in the co-precipitation of nano-alumina on zirconia. Aluminum nitride precursor provides superior zirconia nano-alumina coating quality than aluminum sulfate. Sulfuric acid surface pre-treatment of zirconia improved the retentive quality of the nano-alumina coating.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RETENTION AND PERI-IMPLANT OUTCOME OF FOUR IMPLANTS USED TO RETAIN MANDIBULAR SINGLE OVERDENTURE PLACED IN LINEAR VERSUS QUADRILATERAL DISTRIBUTION6236349507710.21608/edj.2016.95077ENSalah AFHegazyAssociate Professor of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the effect of linear versus quadrilateral distribution of four implants retained mandibular single overdenture using ball attachments on the retention of mandibular overdenture and on peri-implant outcome.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Twelve patients were selected for this study with average age from 40-60 .They had maxillary dentulous arches opposing mandibular edentulous arches. Maxillary occlusal plane rehabilitation was made .Mandibular single denture was constructed and duplicated in clear acrylic resin to be used as surgical stent. According to the distribution of implants, the patients were randomly divided into two groups; Group I where the four implants were distributed in a linear form in the interforaminal distance, two in the site of mandibular lateral incisor, and two in the mandibular canine site, group II where the implants were distributed in quadrilateral distribution in the canine, second premolar region. After osseointegration period, ball attachments were used to retain the mandibular single overdenture. The retention of the mandibular overdenture and the peri-implant outcome were evaluated using the following variables: (1) modified plaque index; (2) modified bleeding index; (3) probing depth; (4) implant mobility using the Periotest instrument. The measurements were evaluated at time of mandibular single overdenture insertion (T0), six month (T1), and twelve month (T2) after mandibular overdenture insertion.
<strong>Results: </strong>The descriptive statistics of retention showed statistically insignificant difference in the retention measurements at the three periods of time within the same group (p= 0.493 in group I and p= 0.255 in group II). However, there was statistically significant difference between the two studied groups at each observation time (p < 0.001at the three observation times). The comparison of periimplant outcome showed statistically insignificant difference between two groups and statistically significant difference within each group, except implant mobility as it was zero mobility in both groups and along all the period of the study.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quadrilateral distribution of four implants used to retain mandibular single denture is more advantageous than linear distribution, however further radiographic evaluation, and study the effect of using different attachments are recommended.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF CAFFEINE ON SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND OF ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS USING (ANNEXIN A5) MARKER6356439507910.21608/edj.2016.95079ENAfaf KhalafAliDepartment of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, EgyptAmr HelmyElbolokDepartment of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, EgyptDoha SaberMohamedDepartment of Histology and Cell Bilogy, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, EgyptJournal Article20200611<strong>Background :</strong>Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed substances in the world. The main sources of caffeine in society are coffee or tea The cytotoxicity of caffeine may be due to its ability to trigger apoptosis
<strong>Material and methods :</strong>A total number of 30 adult male albino rats (150-200 g) were used and were divided randomly into five equal groups (n=6 ) control group: 6 rats were I.P injected with sterile: Group II & IIa :12 rats were I. P. injected with single daily dose (2.5 mg/100g body weight/day) for three months this dose is equivalent to minimum human dose. Group IIa: 6 rats stopped treatment and left for one month after the period of treatment.Group III & IIIa: 12 rats were I.P. Injected with single daily dose (10 mg/100g body weight/day) for three months this dose is equivalent to maximum human dose. Group IIIa: 6 rats stopped treatment and left for one month after the period of treatment Samples from the submandibular salivary glands were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin and prepared routinely for paraffin sectioning and staining for histopathological changes and immuno- histochemical investigations of apoptotic cell antigen (Annexin A5).
<strong>Results : </strong>Histopathological examination of caffeine treated rats revealed marked changes in glandular architecture, the acini became shrunkn with loss of their rnormal circular arrangement and their cytoplasm was vacuolated. Some serous cells degenerated and replaced by eosinophlic material. The nuclear changes appeared in form of (pleomorphism, hypertrophy, hyperchromatism and pyknosis), numerous normal and abnormal mitotic Figures were detected. Intercalated and excretory ducts were dilated. , blood vessels were dilated and congested. The immuno expression of Annexin A5 in the cytoplasmic basement membrane of the ductal cells was intense and highly significant. Changes were more aggressive in (group III). Recovery of some histological changes were observed especially in group received lower dose of caffeine .
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Excessive use of Caffeine markedly affect the histological structure of submandibular salivary gland. These changes could be reversible after caffeine stoppage if the doses is small while the histopathological changes of the gland is irreversible if the doses is large .
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101PATTERN OF EXPRESSION OF HUMAN HOMOLOGUE OF DROSOPHILA PATCHED1 PROTEIN IN FOUR DIFFERENT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS6456529508010.21608/edj.2016.95080ENWalidZedanOral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20200611Salivary gland tumors are a comparatively rare and diverse group of tumors with variable clini- cal and histopathological pictures. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) & papillary cystadenoma lymphato- sum (PCL) are common benign tumors and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) & adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are common malignant tumors with the respect of order. The human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene Patched 1 (PTCH 1) is a member of hedgehog pathway encoding a receptor for the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog and it is the candidate gene for Gorlin’s syndrome. Interestingly it is considered as a one of the tumor a suppressor gene which is associ- ated with different neoplasms and cystic lesions. In this study the pattern of expression of PTCH1 in PA, PCL, MEC, and ACC tumors will be explored to reveal if there is any possible correlation between PTCH1 expression and these four different salivary gland entities. Twenty paraffin embed- ded blocks of salivary gland tumors was chosen as follow (five cases PA, five cases PCL, five cases MEC (two high grades, two low grades, 1 moderate grade) and five cases ACC (4 cribriform pat- tern, one tubular pattern). immunohistochemistry technique using PTCH 1 primary antibody was done to investigate the level of expression of PTCH 1 protein in our samples. Our results revealed that PTCH1 is expressed with various intensities from light to heavy in the four studied salivary gland tumors. Furthermore, PTCH1 expression was confined to the epithelial cells component of the tumors with cytoplasmic and membranous staining. PCL & MEC (low & moderate grade), ACC (cribriform pattern) cases showed the highest immunoreactivity. While PA, high grade MEC, ACC (tubular pattern) showed the lowest. It can be conclude that PTCH1 might has a role in the development of salivary gland tumors with main components epithelium as PCL, MEC, ACC and to a lesser extent PA as a mixed tumor. Finally, it is recommended that researchers should target SHH pathway genes including PTCH1 in most tumors for further investigations and possible gene therapiesThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101CADMIUM INDUCED APOPTOSIS AND CELLULAR TOXICITY IN RATS MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS6536609508110.21608/edj.2016.95081ENLaila EAminOral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura UniversityWalidZedanOral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura UniversityMazen T.Abou ElkhierOral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura UniversityNoha T.Abou El-KhierMedical Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20200611Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal in the environment and contaminated food causes a serious risk to biodiversity and human health. Cd affects Cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic pathway. A growing attention is now towards the severely damaging effects of Cd and its relation to different cancers. Unfortunately, few reports found about Cd effects on salivary tissues. In our study, we will investigate the effect of Cd on Rats major salivary glands and the level of Caspase 3 in their blood. Fourteen albino Rats were allotted randomly into 2 equal groups, control group I and group II which received Cd orally by gavage needle for 24 days. Parotid and submandibular salivary glands were carefully dissected and blood samples were collected from Rats. Paraffin blocks of the salivary glands were prepared and stained with Haematoxyline and Eosin (H&E) stain, examined by light microscope examination. Caspase 3 levels were measured in the sera of Rats by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using Rat Caspase 3 ELISA kit. Cd treated group revealed especially in the parotid glands more than submandibular glands a sever hydropic degeneration with areas of necrosis containing apoptotic cells (cellular toxicity). The serous acini appeared with loss of its acinar outlines, multiple intracellular vacuoles with compressed pyknotic nuclei. Additionally, few signs of cellular atypia appear. Our ELISA test results of Caspase 3 confirmed the apoptosis induction in Cd treated group with a high significant difference among the control group. In conclusion, our results revealed that Cd induces apoptosis and cellular toxicity in Rats major salivary tissues indicating that exposure to Cd in the environment and food is quite harmful. Our results shed a light on Cd which can be used with other heavy metal complexes as an antitumor drug in an optimized dosage.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EVALUATION OF SINUS FLOOR AUGMENTATION WITH AND WITHOUT PLATELET –RICH FIBRIN WITH SIMULTANEOUS IMPLANT PLACEMENT6616719508310.21608/edj.2016.95083ENShaimaa S.NasrAssistant Lecturer, Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Fayoum UniversityMohamedSherienProfessor of Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityAmrZahranProfessor of Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Introduction: </strong>Implant dentistry had widened the prosthetic possibilities; therefore they became commonly used in many ways for substitution of lost teeth. However, there may be contraindications for the placement of dental implants. presence of sinus pneumatization in the posterior maxilla is a frequent anatomical obstacle; occurs as a result of gradual thinning of sinus walls with aging and reduction of maxillary masticatory forces. preparation of buccal window to gain access to the sinus cavity followed by elevation of the Schniederian membrane to create secluded compartment for augmentation material and /or implant placement. PRF can be used as a sole filling material during a simultaneous sinus lift and implantation stabilized a high volume of natural regenerated bone in the subsinus cavity up to the tip of the implants; and considered a satisfactory alternative.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty medically free patients (both males and females) received sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous implant placement. The patients were divided into two groups; where first group received platelet rich fibrin (PRF) as filling material with PRF membrane; while the other group received xenograft with collagen membrane.
<strong>Results: </strong>When comparing the L-PRF group with xenograft group after 5 months, it was found that mean crestal bone loss in L-PRF group was less than that in xenograft group.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>L-PRF can be used successively as a sinus grafting material and as a membrane.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATING SYSTEMS WITH A NEW IRRIGATING SOLUTION IN REDUCING INTRACANAL ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS6736829508410.21608/edj.2016.95084ENAhmed A .M.Abdel LatifCandidate, Master’s Degree Program, Endodontic Dept., Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal UniversityMedhat A.KatiaaProfessor of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityHayam Y.M.HassanLecturer in Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal UniversityMarwa M.AzabLecturer in Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of QMixTM2in1in comparison with sodium hypochlorite irrigating solution on <em>Enterococcus faecalis </em>using different irrigation systems namely: Passive irrigation, ultrasonic activation, sonic activation.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>70 freshly extracted human single rooted teeth were collected. Root canals were prepared using Protaper Universal NiTi rotary file system in a crown down technique. Enterococcus Faecalis bacterial suspension in Trypticase soy broth was applied into the canal of each root. 65 Teeth were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 20 teeth each according to the technique used during irrigation protocol and a control group of 5 teeth without irrigation. Each group was subdivided into two sub-groups according to the type of irrigant. Samples were divided into four time intervals; S1 sample was taken immediately after infection of the teeth, S2 sample was taken immediately after irrigation, S3 sample was taken after 3 days incubation period after irrigation of the teeth, S4 sample was taken after 10 days from the infection. The method of evaluation of antimicrobial activity used was direct counting of colony forming units (CFUs) after irrigation.
<strong>Results: </strong>there was increase in the bacterial count reduction with no statistical difference between QMixTM2in1 and 2.5% NaOCl after 3 days period from the irrigation procedures, while there was increase in the effect of QMixTM2in1 over 2.5% NaOCl after 10 days from irrigation procedures. While there wasn’t any difference found between the three agitation techniques on the antibacterial activity of both irrigants used.
<strong>Conclusions</strong>: QMixTM2in1 irrigating solution proved antimicrobial efficacy in short and prolonged duration against <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>. The antimicrobial efficiency of sodium hypochlorite can be improved using full concentration. It was also concluded that different agitation techniques have no effect on the antimicrobial efficacy.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101MICROBIOLOGICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND MICROHARDNESS EVALUATION OF DENTIN AFTER CARIES REMOVAL WITH PAPACÁRIE AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS IN PRIMARY TEETH6836949508610.21608/edj.2016.95086ENHend EElkafrawyLecturer of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptAmina MEl HosaryProfessor, Department of Pedodontic, Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptNagwa AGhonameProfessor, Department of Pedodontic, Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptNora IAbozenaAssistant Lecturer, Department of Pedodontic, Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20200611<strong>Aim of the work: </strong>This in vitro study was performed to assess the efficacy of Papacárie in comparison with the conventional rotary instruments to remove carious lesion in primary teeth. Microbiological study, histological picture and microhardness of dentin were evaluated after caries removal with both methods.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Twenty primary carious molars were selected for this study. Ten molars were prepared for the microbiological and histological assessment and the other ten were prepared for the microhardness assessment. After caries removal with the conventional method and Papacárie, the samples were subjected to microbiological analysis with culture test, histological analysis and to Vicker’s hardness test.
<strong>Results: </strong>The conventional method and Papacárie are efficient in caries removal. The culture test has revealed that both methods have reduced <em>Streptococcus mutans </em>count significantly with a percentage of reduction of 84.686% & 85.06% respectively. Also, the conventional method and Papacárie have reduced <em>Lactobacilli </em>count significantly with a percentage of reduction 83.227% & 83.872% respectively. Light microscopic analysis showed that the Papacárie preserves the dentin structure more than the conventional method and the bacterial deposits left in the dentinal tubules were less in case of Papacárie. The microhardness test revealed that the mean hardness of dentin after caries removal with the conventional method was 75.49 Kg/mm2 and after caries removal with Papacárie was 76.51 Kg/mm2 with no statistically significant difference between both methods.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded that Papacárie is efficient in caries removal, has antibacterial action on <em>Streptococcus mutans </em>and <em>Lactobacilli</em>, and preserves the dentin structure and microhardness.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101HISTOLOGICAL AND IMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF BONE MARROW DERIVED STEM CELLS ON AGE CHANGES OF PULP IN ALBINO RATS6957039508810.21608/edj.2016.95088ENTahanyHaggagLecturer of Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. EgyptJournal Article20200611<strong>Background: </strong>Aging is a complex natural process including every molecule, cell and organ in the body. In its broadest mean, aging refers to changes that occur during the life span. Some of these changes are not harmful while other increase the risk of diseases.
<strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of the current study was to investigate the histological and immunohisto- chemical effects of bone marrow derived stem cells on age changes of pulp in albino rats.
<strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty five (fifteen adults aging six months and thirty olds aging fifteen months) male albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Group I (Adult group) that get infused with saline intravenously to serve as control group, group II (old age group) which also get infused with saline intravenously and group III (old age injected by stem cells). The source of stem cells was from additional fifteen albino rats six weeks old which will be used for isolation and culture of bone marrow stem cells.
<strong>Results: </strong>Old age group revealed sever histological alterations and negative Ki67 expression compared to control group while old group injected by stem cells revealed histological reorganizations of the pulp cells and mild to moderate Ki67 expression that was nearly similar to control group.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravenous injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improved the histological features of the pulp compared to old group and also it had a positive proliferating effect by the enhanced expression of Ki67The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EFFECT OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLA-VON EBNER’S SALIVARY GLAND COMPLEX AND REMAK’S GANGLION OF ALBINO RATS (HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY)7057169509010.21608/edj.2016.95090ENSanaMostafaDemonsterator of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptRadwaHegazyAssociate Professor of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Cairo
University, Cairo, EgyptTahanyHaggagLecturer of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200611<strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>To investigate the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the structure of the circumvallate papillae-von Ebner’s salivary gland complex (CP/VEGs) and Remak’s ganglion.
<strong>DESIGN: </strong>5 different groups were created, (control group I) in which rats fed on regular diet, (group II) received 10g MSG/mixed with 100g basal diet daily, (group III) received 20g MSG with same route of administration; first 3 groups were sacrificed after 2 months, (group IV) received 10g MSG, (group V) received 20g MSG; but were sacrificed after 4 months. Histological structures of examined tissues of different groups were studied using H & E stain. In addition, immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein was conducted.
<strong>RESULTS: </strong>Inflammation and degenerative changes were observed in the tissues of (CP/ VEGs) especially in taste buds, Remak’s ganglion, nerves and salivary acini of different groups in comparison to control. The severity of such degeneration increased with higher doses for longer periods reaching peak in last group with complete degeneration of most of taste buds, ganglion cells, nerve fibers and acinar cells. Similar to this, immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased expression of S100 within tissues of taste buds, serous acini & ducts of experimental groups compared with control, but the opposite was true representing the Remak’s ganglion and nerves.
<strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>MSG presented a dose-time dependent degenerative, inflammatory and neurotoxic effect on taste buds, Remak’s ganglion and von Ebner’s gland that endanger the sense of taste and salivary flow.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EVALUATION OF INTERNAL ADAPTATION OF FULL CONTOUR ZIRCONIA CROWNS VERSUS VENEERED ZIRCONIA CROWNS – IN VITRO STUDY7177199509210.21608/edj.2016.95092ENAbdulsattar HasanAl-baadaniB.D.S., Master Degree in Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptRana MahmoudSheriefAssistant Professor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityAshraf TaherKheireldeanAssistant Professor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the internal adaptation of full contour zirconia crowns to veneered zirconia with two different finish line designs (shoulder and deep chamfer).
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Twenty four dies were received twelve full contour zirconia crowns <strong>(Prettau) </strong>and twelve veneered zirconia crowns <strong>(ICE Zirconia)</strong>. Each group will be subdivided into two equally subgroups: with Shoulder finish line and with Deep chamfer finish line. Measurements of internal fitness were recorded
<strong>Results: </strong>The lowest overall mean value of internal adaptation was recorded with Ice zirconia crowns with deep chamfer finish line design (74.6µm ± 19.14), then with shoulder finish line design (93.40 µm ± 9.99), followed by Prettau zirconia crowns with deep chamfer finish line design (157µm ± 27.25) and finally Prettau zirconia crowns with shoulder finish line design (181µm ± 24.86).
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ice zirconia crowns recorded better overall internal adaptation values than Prettau crowns with both finish line designs.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF FOUR IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS COMPARED TO THAT OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (A COMPARATIVE IN-VITRO STUDY)7217269509410.21608/edj.2016.95094ENAli AdelArabResearch Postgraduate StudentMaged MohamedNegmProfessor of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversitySalwa IbrahimYoussefLecturer of microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Aim </strong>: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four irrigating solutions against <em>Enterococcus faecalis </em>compared with sodium hypochlorite 5.25% namely: propolis extract, QMix, Chloroxylenol and CHX-Plus
<strong>Materials and methods</strong>: Enterococcus faecalis (batch no. 10541) thawed and incubated under aerobic condition. The harvested bacterial colonies are then spectrophotometrically calibrated to 5.9 x 104 (CFU/mL-1). Fifty specimens instrumented conventionally, reaching master apical file size #50. Twenty μL of the bacterial culture transferred to the canal lumen using sterile micropipette. All specimens were then incubated for 48 hours at 37 ˚C.
<strong>Results </strong>: Intracanal sample collection by paper points showed an insignificant difference between different irrigation solutions tested and positive control Group at p=0.001. Group 1 showed a median of 8.9*104(CFU/ml), where group 2, 3, 4 and positive control groups showed mean values of 2.2*104, 7.3*104, 8*104 and 3*104 (CFU/ml) respectively. Negative control group showed the highest significant values for colony forming units (118.4*104CFU/ml).
<strong>Conclusion </strong>: All groups except the saline produce of significant reduction of bacteria. Although QMix, NaOCl and chlorhexidine plus are capable of reducing bacterial count their effect is statistically insignificantThe Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101THE EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ENAMIC HYBRID CERAMIC COMPARED TO VITA FELDSPATHIC ONE: IN VITRO STUDY7277329509510.21608/edj.2016.95095ENAhmad SaifSolimanMcs Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityRabab MohammedIbrahimProfessor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityShereen AdelAmeenProfessor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Aim of the study</strong>: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of thickness on the translucency parameter of Enamic hybrid ceramic compared to feldspathic ceramic (Markll) ceramic.
<strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: Forty ceramic discs were fabricated using IsoMet 4000 (Buehler, USA) from CAD-CAM blocks of vita Enamic (n=20) and vita Markll ceramic material (n=20). The samples was made into two different thicknesses (0.8 mm – 1.5 mm). One standard shade according to vita 3D master shade guide (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany), (2M2) was used with all the samples. Finishing and polishing procedures carried out through manufacturer instruction for each ceramic material. Translucency parameter were analyzed and measured using a scanning spectrophotometer (UV- Shimadzu 3101 PC, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan). Color measurements (L*, a* and b*) to the samples placed against an ideal white background (CIE L* = 96.68, a*=_0.18, and b*=_0.22) and against an ideal black background (CIE L* = 1.15, a*=_0.11, and b*=_0.50) relative to the standard illuminant D65. All the samples was subjected to measurements for each material type, different thicknesses, the same observer carried out the measurements. Three readings was taken and the mean values were tabulated and analyzed. Three way-ANOVA was used to study the effect of ceramic materials and thickness on Translucency Parameter (TP). Tukey’s post-hoc test was used for pair-wise comparison between the means when ANOVA test is significant. One-Way ANOVA used to compare between the interaction between variables for mean Translucency parameters.
<strong>Results: </strong>Vita Mark II feldspathic ceramic (18.74±3.33) showed the highest statistical significant mean translucency value compared to Vita Enamic hybrid ceramic (12.59±2.96) at p≤0.001*. Thickness of 0.8 mm (18.31±3.71) showed the highest statistical significant mean translucency value compared to 1.5 mm thickness (13.02±3.34) at p≤0.001*.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vita Mark II Feldspathic ceramic are more translucent than Vita Enamic Hybrid ceramic. Increasing the thickness as well as thermocycling decrease the translucency parameter for both ceramic materials.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EVALUATION OF A SELF ADHESIVE FLOWABLE COMPOSITE; AN IN VITRO STUDY7337389509710.21608/edj.2016.95097ENNohaHamdyDemonstrator in Biomaterials Department; Faculty of Dentistry; Fayoum UniversityYasser FGomaaAssociate Professor of Dental Biomaterials, Head of Biomaterials Department Faculty of Dentistry; Minia UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Objective: </strong>This study was to investigate and compare <em>in-vitro </em>shear bond strength of self- adhesive flowable composite and traditional adhesively bonded flowable composite.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 40 caries free extracted human premolars were collected for this test. They were divided into two groups, enamel group and dentin group with 20 teeth each. Teeth were placed in acrylic molds then enamel and dentin were flattened by silicon paper under coolant. Then each group was sub grouped into two sub groups, 10 teeth each according to the type of applied composite. Adhesives were applied and resin composite cylinders were prepared with Teflon tubes. The samples were tested for shear bond strength with a universal testing machine and stress at failure was calculated.
<strong>Results: </strong>self-adhesive flowable composite showed lower shear bond strength values with mean (15±2.13) for enamel and (16.38±2.44) for dentin than regular flowable composite with mean (20±4.6) for enamel and (22.63±3.1) for dentin.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mean shear bond strength of regular flowable composite and self-adhesive flowable composite values was higher with dentin than with enamel.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101ENHANCED EXPRESSION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA ONE (TGF-β1) DURING PROGRESSION OF ORAL EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA TO CARCINOMA7397469509910.21608/edj.2016.95099ENAhmed Abdelaziz M.EssaLecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptElsayed MohamedDerazLecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptHamdy AbdelMotagalyMetwalyAssociate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20200611<strong>Objective: </strong>transforming growth factors (TGFs), the pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in malignancy. This study was aimed to evaluate immunohistochemically the expression of TGF-β1 protein in epithelial dysplasia (ED), carcinoma in situ (CIS) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in order to elucidate its role in oral carcinogenesis.
<strong>Material and methods: </strong>30 cases of OSCC was investigated including well, moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC (10 cases each) that contained normal epithelium, ED and foci of CIS. They were subjected to immunohistochemistry using antibodies against TGF-β1.
<strong>Results: </strong>the expression of TGF-β1 was increased in intensity and distribution in different stages of ED and OSCC when compared to normal mucosa. In ED, TGF-β1 intensity score was weak (1+) in 8 cases (26.6%), moderate (2+) in 20 cases (66.6%) and strong (3+) in 2 cases (6.6%). In CIS, the intensity score of TGF-ß1 was weak (1+) in 3 cases (10%), moderate (2+) in 17 cases (56.6%) and strong (3+) in 10 cases (33.3%). TGF-β1 expression was markedly enhanced in both OSCC cells and stromal cells. TGF-β1 score of intensity was weak (1+) in 2 cases (20%) of well differentiated and in 1 case (10%) of moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC. TGF-β1 score of intensity was moderate (2+) in 3 cases (30%) of well differentiated and moderately differentiated, and in 1 case (10%) of poorly differentiated. On the other hand, the expression score of TGF-β1 was strongly positive (3+) in 5 (50%), 6 (60%) and 8 (80%) cases of well, moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC respectively.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>enhanced expression of TGF-β1 could be responsible for transformation of oral premalignant lesions to OSCC as well as more aggressive tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to treatment.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EFFECT OF DIFFERENT REPAIR PROTOCOLS ON BOND STRENGTH TO DIRECT AND INDIRECT RESIN COMPOSITE7477569510110.21608/edj.2016.95101ENShereen AssemEl-SherifDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptMohamed RiadFaridDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptMohamed FouadHaridyDepartment of Operative Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200611<strong>Objective</strong>: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different surface treatment protocols on bond strength of nano-composite as a repair material to two types of resin composite either direct composite or indirect resin composite blocks for CEREC system.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Total of 80 composite discs were prepared and were divided into two main groups (40 each) according to the type of composite used (C), nano-filled composite (C1) and composite blocks for CEREC system (C2). All specimens were aged for one month in a distilled water solution at 370C. Each group was sub-divided into four subgroups (10 each) according to the surface treatment protocol (T) that was done on the discs, either no treatment (T0) (control), application of Ortho phosphoric acid (T1), Hydrofluoric acid (T2) and Sandblasting(T3) . Each sub group was subdivided into two classes (5 each) according to silane application (S1) or without (S0). Nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE) was used as a repair material. Microshear bond strength testing (μ-SBS) was done using Universal testing machine. Failure modes of the fractured specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). μ-SBS results were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc and Student t-tests.
<strong>Results: </strong>The indirect resin composite of the hydrofluoric acid group with silane showed the highest µ-Shear bond strength mean value (31.35±5.1) while the direct composite of the etchant group with no silane showed the lowest µ-Shear bond strength mean value (20.8±4.5). Regarding the composite type, <strong><em>C</em></strong><strong><em>2 </em></strong>recorded statistically significant (P<0.05) higher µ-shear bond strength mean value (27.05±6.1 MPa) than <strong><em>C</em></strong><strong><em>1 </em></strong>(23.82±6.2 MPa). Regarding the surface treatment, <strong><em>T</em></strong><strong><em>3 </em></strong>recorded statistically non-significant (P>0.05) highest µ-shear bond strength mean value (26.72±0.78 MPa) followed by <strong><em>T</em></strong><strong><em>1 </em></strong>(25.77±2.55 MPa) then <strong><em>T</em></strong><strong><em>2 </em></strong>(24.71±1.44 MPa) while <strong><em>T</em></strong><strong><em>0 </em></strong>recorded statistically non- significant (P>0.05) lowest µ-shear bond strength mean value (24.54±1.7 MPa). Regarding the silane application, <strong><em>S</em></strong><strong><em>1 </em></strong>recorded statistically non-significant (P>0.05) higher µ-shear bond strength mean value (26.28±1.57MPa) than <strong><em>S</em></strong><strong><em>0</em></strong>(24.59±1.66MPa).
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Cojet treatment of the resin composite improved the bond strength of different types of resin composite .The type of resin composite used for repair influences the bond strength to the repaired resin composite. Silane application to repaired resin composite affects the bond strength to it with different treatment protocols.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101CLINICAL EVALUATION OF SELF-ADHERING FLOWABLE COMPOSITE IN NON-CARIOUS CERVICAL LESIONS7577649510310.21608/edj.2016.95103ENEnas Metwally MahmoudAbusamraPaper Proposal Submitted to the Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry-Alexandria University,
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Master of Science Degree Alexandria UniversityMahmoud MohamedElsharkawyProfessor of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of AlexandriaElsayed MostafaMahmoudProfessor of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of AlexandriaWaleed Abd El MeguidEl MahyOperative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of AlexandriaJournal Article20200611<strong>Introduction: </strong>The clinical management of non-carious cervical lesions is a challenge concerning restoring procedures because the lesions have non-retentive cavity shape and margins lying on dentin or cementum which are unfavorable for bonding.
<strong>Objective</strong>: To evaluate the clinical performance of two self-adhering flowable composites compared with flowable composite and resin modified glass ionomer in restoration of non-carious cervical lesions for 1 year.
<strong>Materials and Method: </strong>A total of 60 non-carious cervical lesions (15 for each material) were restored with self-adhering resin flowable composites (VertiseTM Flow and FusioTM Liquid Dentin), flowable composite with ExciTE F dental adhesive system and resin modified glass ionomer. The outer surface of the dentinal wall was roughened with a water-cooled high-speed diamond bur. Occlusal or incisal enamel margins were beveled, and no mechanical retention was performed. The restorations were re-evaluated with the modified United States Public Health Services (USPHS) criteria at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months.
<strong>Results: </strong>After 1 year, 14 of the 15 Vertise Flow and 12 of the 15 Fusio Liquid Dentin restorations were in a clinically unacceptable condition due to retention failure. The success rates of Vertise Flow (6.7%) and Fusio Liquid Dentin (20%) were less when compared to the success rate (80%) for the 2-step etch and rinse/Flowable composite and (60%) for the resin modified glass ionomer restorations (P-value < 0.001)
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical performance of the self-adhering resin flowable composites showed higher failure rate than other restorative materials after 1 year of clinical use.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101THE EFFECT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ON MITOCHONDRIAL ULTRASTRUCTURE AND IMMUNOEXPRESSION OF ERK-1 AND HIF-1 ALPHA IN ORAL EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA INDUCED IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS7657759510610.21608/edj.2016.95106ENNermine RaoufAminLecturer of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversitySafa FathyAbdel GhanyAssistant Professor of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityRadwa HamedHegaziAssistant Professor of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Background: </strong>Oxidative stress and accumulation of reactive oxygen species may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer. They were reported in precancerous and cancerous cells.
<strong>Methods: </strong>An animal model of carcinogenesis was used to detect the effect of oxidative stress on mitochondrial ultrastructure by transmission electron microscope and the levels of extracellular signal- regulated kinase-1(ERK-1) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) by immunohistochemistry in mild and severe oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) induced in tongues of experimental mice.
<strong>Results: </strong>We identified degeneration and enlargement of mitochondria in association with up- regulation of both ERK-1 and HIF-1α from normal control to mild OED and reached their highest values in severe OED.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>Degeneration and enlargement of mitochondria in association with up-regulation of both ERK-1 and HIF-1α can be indicative features of dysplastic changes and may act as early markers for malignancy.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SHAPING ABILITY OF REVO-S AND ONE SHAPE NICKEL-TITANIUM ROTARY SYSTEMS IN CURVED ROOT CANALS. (AN IN VITRO STUDY)7777859510910.21608/edj.2016.95109ENMohamed AtefMohamedEndodontic Department, Assuit UniversityMagdy M.AliAss. Prof of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia UniversityYaser F.HusseinAss. Prof of Dental Bio-Material, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University.Mohamed M.KattaiaLecturer of Endodontics, Minia UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Aim of the study: </strong>was to compare the shaping ability of One Shape, Revo-S NiTi rotary instruments, and stainless steel K-Flexofile instruments when used to prepare curved root canals.
<strong>Methodology: </strong>A total of sixty mesiobuccal root canals of extracted human permanent mandibular molars were used. Those had curvature ranging between 200- 400, radius of curvature between 4-10 mm, and length of curved part between 6-8 mm. The samples were divided into three groups of 20 teeth each according to the instrument used. Using Digora system, the degree of straightening was calculated by comparing pre and post-instrumentation radiographs. Using cone beam computed tomography, mesial and distal dentin thicknesses were measured pre and post- instrumentation, and then applied in an equation given by Gambill et al., to calculate the centering ratio and transportation of the canals. Both rotary systems showed good centering ability and less canal straightening and transportation compared with stainless steel K-Flexofile, with no significant difference between the rotary systems.
<strong>Results: </strong>Tukey’s pair-wise test showed that K-Flexofile showed the highest mean degree of straightening, degree and direction of canal transportation and the centering ability while One Shape had the lowest mean. No statistically significant difference was found between One Shape and Revo-S.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both rotary systems caused less transportation and remained better cantered in the canal than stainless steel K-Flexofile instruments, with no significant difference between One Shape and Revo-S.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101APPLICATION OF BASICS FIXED PROSTHODONTICS PRINCIPLES BY DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN SAUDI ARABIA7877939511110.21608/edj.2016.95111ENAmal AShafaeiLecturer of Fixed Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20200611<strong>Objective</strong>: To characterize the methods and materials used in fixed prostheses in Saudi Arabia.
<strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was developed and distributed in 2014-2015 to a simple random sample of 200 dental practitioners and distributed among private and governmental sectors in 12 different Saudi Arabian cities. The questions were designed to provide understanding of the awareness and knowledge of dentists regarding the new materials and modern techniques that exist in the practice of fixed prosthodontics. Completed questionnaires were analyzed in terms of a simple summary statistic.
<strong>Results: </strong>a total of 86.4% of the practitioners responded. The majority of respondents reported using porcelain fused to metal as crown and bridge materials. Powder/liquid glass based system to construct fixed prostheses was the method of choice for 69.6% of respondents. Among those who indicated using direct prefabricated post, 44% use a fiber glass post. Only 7.9%, however, used Zinc Phosphate cement, while 35.6% used Resin cement and the majority used traditional glass ionomer cement as a permanent cement.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Saudi Arabia, there are traditional trends in practice that do not appear to be supported by scientific evidence. The results of this survey demonstrate the importance of integrating evidence-based practice concepts into teaching curriculums, continuous education courses, and postgraduate studies. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate this trend.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS BETWEEN HEALTHY AND MILD FLUOROSED ENAMEL7958009511310.21608/edj.2016.95113ENYousef M.AlthomaliAssistant Professor Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20200611<strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the influence of dental fluorosis on the shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty extracted human maxillary central incisors, extracted for periodontal reasons were used. The sample was divided into two experimental groups. Group A with healthy teeth and group B with mild fluorosed teeth. Etching enamel then the adhesives were applied to entire enamel surface then light cured for 10 seconds with LED. The base ceramic orthodontic brackets were filled by nano-filled composite and placed on the tooth and cured by LED for 40 seconds. The specimens were then thermocycled (5–55˚C, 500 cycles) and tested in Lloyd universal testing machine. The recorded values of bond strengths in (MPa) were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s tests were used for testing the significance between the means of tested groups which are statistically significant when the P value ≤ 0.05.
<strong>Results: </strong>The mean shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to non-fluorosed enamel (Group A) was significantly higher than shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to fluorosed enamel (group B).
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF DIFFERENT GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS STORED IN DIFFERENT PH8018059511510.21608/edj.2016.95115ENMohamed RiadFaridProfessor, Operative and Esthetics Dentistry Department Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityEmanAbu-AufLecturer, Operative and Esthetics Dentistry Department Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityDina MounirEl-KadyDemonstrator, Operative and Esthetics Dentistry Department Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was designed to compare surface roughness of zinc containing glass ionomer to metal modified glass ionomer and the conventional glass ionomer cements, in vitro study. Influence of different pH on this parameter as well as effect of difference storage periods on the previous variables. Evaluation of new modified zinc glass ionomer (Chemfil rock) and choice of restoration in acidic consumption patients.
<strong>Material and methods: </strong>Three equal groups of 45 discs each. A zinc reinforced glass ionomer restoration (Chemfil rock), silver reinforced glass ionomer restoration (Ketac silver), and conventional glass ionomer restoration (Ketac fill). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured with USB digital surface profile gauge. Data were collected to correlate the (Ra) under the influence to variable pH solutions.
<strong>Results: </strong>It was found that Chem-Fil group recorded statistically significant (P<0.05) highest roughness mean value (237.63 Ra) followed by Ketac-Ag group (219.47 Ra) while Ketac-Fil group recorded statistically significant (P<0.05) lowest roughness mean value (192.69 Ra) as indicated by multi-factorial ANOVA. Pair-wise Tukey’s post-hoc tests showed non-significant (p>0.05) difference between Chem-Fil and Ketac-Ag groups
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>For different period of time, we concluded that all tested material do not improve (Ra) regardless the Ph of storage media.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EFFECT OF FIELD OF VIEW ON THE ACCURACY OF CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS IN PERIODONTAL DEFECTS8078149511710.21608/edj.2016.95117ENEnasAnterAssistant Lecturers of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityMohammed KhalifaZayetAssociate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversitySahar HosnyEl-DessoukyAssociate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of changing the field of view on the ac- curacy of Cone Beam Computed Tomographic assessment of alveolar bone loss in periodontal defects.
<strong>Materials and methods: </strong>73 natural human teeth naturally attached to ten dry human jaws were used with small linear gutta percha pieces with central indentation glued on their facial and lingual/ palatal surfaces at the place of CEJ, to be used as marker for alveolar bone level measurements both directly using digital caliber with an accuracy of 0.01 mm and radiographically on three CBCT images for each tooth obtained at three different field of views (FOV) (80×80 mm, 100×100 mm and 200× 100 mm) using a standardized voxel size of 0.2 mm, the direct and CBCT measurements were then compared.
<strong>Results: </strong>there was no statistically significant difference between the mean CBCT measure- ments errors at different FOVs. The average CBCT measurements error in the three FOVs (80 × 80mm, 100 × 100 mm and 200× 100 mm) were 0.23±0.09 mm, 0.24± 0.10 mm and 0.21 ± 0.09mm respectively.
<strong>Conclusions: </strong>The FOV size has no significant effect on the CBCT measurements accuracy of the alveolar bone level.
The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EVALUATION THE EFFECT OF ERBIUM CHROMIUM LASER SYSTEM FOR CAVITY PREPARATION ON MARGINAL INTEGRITY OF RESIN COMPOSITE8158249512010.21608/edj.2016.95120ENMostafa MohamedMaghrabyResearcher in National Institute of Lasers, National Institute of Laser Sciences, Laser Dentistry, Cairo, EgyptAliSaafanProfessor of Laser Dentistry in Institute, Cairo University, National Institute of Laser Sciences, Laser Dentistry, Cairo, EgyptHaythemMoharrumLecturer, National Institute of Laser Sciences, Laser Dentistry Cairo, EgyptMoanesSolimanLecturer, Misr University For Science and Technology, Operative Dentistry, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200611The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser versus conventional bur on marginal integrity of resin composite for cavity preparation. 40 extracted human permanent molars were used in this study and were divided into two main equal groups according to cavity preparation technique (class V cavities prepared by conventional diamond bur and Er,Cr:YSGG laser). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to subjection to load cycling. Each subgroup was further sub divided into two classes according to aging period (7 days and 3 months). Scotch bond universal adhesive system was applied to all cavities according to the manufacturers instruction and cured for 20 seconds, then restored with composite resin filtek Z350 and light cured for 40 seconds.
2000 cycles were applied at loads between a minimum 10 N and a maximum 89 N force with a load profile in the form of a sine wave at frequency of 1 HZ.Samples were aged in distilled water according to the subdivision (7 days & 3 months). Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests after methylene blue dye immersion for 24 hours and mesiodistal sectioning through the center of the restoration. Results of this study will be summarized in statistically non- significant difference between <strong>conventional </strong>and <strong>laser cavity </strong>groups in the microleakage scores.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EFFECT OF IRRADIATION TIME ON DEPTH OF CURE, WATER SORPTION AND SOLUBILITY OF TWO BULK FILL RESIN COMPOSITES8258339512110.21608/edj.2016.95121ENMaha E.ElkorashyLecturer, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum UniversityJournal Article20200611<strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of irradiation time on depth of cure, water sorption and solubility of two bulk fill resin composites.
<strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 resin composite cylinders were prepared (6mm x 4mm) and divided into 4 groups according the resin composite used; X-tra fil (VOCO) and Quixfil (DENTSPLY) and irradiation time; 10s or 20s. Top and bottom hardness were measured using Vickers microhardness tester. Depth of cure was measured using bottom / top hardness ratio. For water sorption and solubility assessment, 40 disc shaped specimens (15mm x 1mm) were prepared and tested according to the ISO 4049. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed.
<strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were recorded between X-tra fil and Quixfil regarding depth of cure and water sorption at both irradiation times. Water sorption significantly decreased at 20s curing for both resin composites. At 10s irradiation time, X-tra fil recorded a significantly higher solubility (10.99±2.58) than 20s (6.57±1.78) and higher solubility than Quixfil (5.79±2.62).
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>X-tra fil and Quixfil showed depth of cure within the acceptable threshold value. Both materials showed acceptable water sorption and solubility according to the ISO 4049 except X-tra fil showed unacceptable solubility at 10s curing. Longer irradiation time greatly improved water sorption and solubility. Both bulk fill resin composites behave similarly at longer irradiation time.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101THE EFFECT OF THE BILATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION AND THE CANINE GUIDANCE OCCLUSION OF IMPLANT RETAINED MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURE ON BITING FORCE AND MASTICATORY EFFICIENCY8358439512210.21608/edj.2016.95122ENAhmed A.AbdallahDentist, Ministry Of Health, Luxor Directorate, Infection Control TeamEhab M.A.HalimAssociate Professor of Removable Prosthodontics, Removable Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental
Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut).Mostafa A.S.AliAssociate Professor of Removable Prosthodontics, Removable Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental
Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut).Journal Article20200611Retention and stability are problems of the mandibular prosthesis causing complain of complete denture wearers.Mandibular implant over denture is a successful treatment in this group of patients. The occlusal scheme is an important factor in the design of complete dentures, the occlusal philosophies that are proposed for implant overdentures are based on those for conventional complete dentures. Two occlusal concepts exist in complete denture treatment: bilateral balanced occlusion and canine guidance both include simultaneous contact in centric occlusion, but they differ in eccentric movements.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Six completely edentulous male patients since two years ago were selected according to some criteria, each patient was received upper and lower complete dentures with bilateral balanced occlusion, then each patient was received two root form implants at the canine area, then the same patient`s mandibular denture was modified to the overdentur, after the adaptation period exchange of the occlusal scheme and the recording procedures were made.
<strong>Results: </strong>Improved biting force and masticatory efficiency with implant retained mandibular overdenture, high values of biting force with bilateral balanced occlusion, better values of masticatory efficiency(less time &number of strokes) with canine guidance occlusion.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improved biting force and masticatory efficiency with implant retained mandibular overdenture. The bilateral balanced occlusion in case of biting force has maximum biting force value than canine guidance occlusion .The canine guided occlusion in case of masticatory efficiency has less time and number of strokes than bilateral balanced occlusion.The Egyptian Dental Association (EDA)Egyptian Dental Journal0070-948462Issue 1 - January (Part 3)20160101EVALUATION OF MINI-IMPLANT ANCHORAGE SYSTEM FOR EN-MASSE RETRACTION OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH VERSUS CONVENTIONAL METHOD8458639512310.21608/edj.2016.95123ENShaimaa M.El-MarhoumyP.H.D., Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptMahmoud E.El-ShenawyProfessor of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptMedhatEl-SakhawyProfessor of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptEman M.El-ShorbagyProfessor of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20200611<strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletodental and soft tissue changes and the duration needed for closure of extraction space after en-masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth using mini-implant anchorage system in the treatment of maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion cases compared with two step retraction with conventional method of anchorage reinforcement.
<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The study sample consisted of twenty adult orthodontic patients (3 males and 17 females) with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and required first premolar extraction and maximum anchorage. They were randomly divided into two treatment groups (10 subjects in each group). Group 1, anterior space closure with en-masse retraction aided by mini- implant anchorage system, or group 2, anterior space closure with two-step retraction technique aided by conventional method of anchorage. Lateral cephalometric head films were taken just before retraction of maxillary anterior teeth and immediately after closure of the extraction space for the evaluation of the treatment changes. Statistical analyses of the data were performed at a significance level of P <0.05.
<strong>Results: </strong>For the skeletal parameters, a statistically significant decrease in the facial vertical dimensions was seen in G1, but the variables in G2 showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Anchorage loss, in both the horizontal and vertical directions, was noted in G2, whereas G1 showed anchorage gain and intrusion of molars. Group 1 had greater anterior tooth retraction (7.8 mm in 9.6 months) than did the conventional anchorage group (5.5 mm in 12.4 months). However, no significant differences in the mean retraction time were noted between the 2 groups. Upper incisors were intruded in G 1 (2.3 mm) and extruded (1.1 mm) in G 2. The soft-tissue response was greater changes in G1 with significant differences were found in the nasolabial angle and amount of upper lip retraction between the groups (P < 0.05).
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mini-implants provided absolute anchorage to allow greater skeletal, dental, and esthetic changes in patients requiring maximum anterior retraction, when compared with other conventional methods of anchorage reinforcement. However no differences in the mean retraction time were noted between the 2 groups.