Aim: To assess level of orthodontic outcome literacy in terms of risks and benefits among patients undergoing active treatment. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study at King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry. Questionnaire was distributed to orthodontic patients using convenient sampling method. Demographics and perceptions of risks and benefits were collected. Descriptive statistics were reported in frequency and percentage. Results: A total of 113 participants from KAUFD orthodontic clinics. Majority were 59% females, 59% children and adolescents and 66% were Saudi. Referrals from 49% dentists, 30% self-referral and 20% parents. The main reason for seeking treatment was 47% esthetics, 27% function and 13% stability. Respondents perceived orthodontic risks as 30% painful, 55% uncomfortable, 43% result in ulcer, 38% cause white spot lesion, 45% caries, 8% root resorption, 11% gingival recession, 38% mobility and 56% relapse while 75% believed in their role in preventing adverse events. They perceived benefits as 94% better smile, 90% better bite, 85% straight teeth, 60% teeth remain straight forever, 90% look better and 78% attractive profile. Reported previous knowledge 66% risks and 70% benefits and 20% signed a consent form. Conclusion: lack of orthodontic treatment outcome literacy could create an understanding barrier resulting in compromised compliance and treatment outcome. Findings recommended providing adequate information using consent form and proper communication about benefits and risks prior to initiating any orthodontic treatment. Further studies to evaluate effectiveness of such methods, compare perception to prevalence in terms of risks and benefits and their influence on treatment decision are recommended.
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