A Finite element analysis of stress distribution in all on four system using different framework materials in the mandible

Statement of the problem: All on four immediate function approach rehabilitating mandibular arch is a successful rout of treatment for resorbed ridges, however its outcome depends on amount of stresses transferred to the surrounding structures. To improve mechanical properties of dental structures, stress analyses under various loading circumstances has become an integral part of researches.
This study aimed to assess the effect of three different framework materials on stress distribution over implants and bone simulating materials using finite element analyses.
Materials and methods: Three-dimensional finite element model was created. Bone and mucosa were modeled with simplification. The modeled parts were transferred to ANSYS for assembly, meshing, and analysis. The framework materials were (Cr Co, Titanium, and PEEK) to be studied under vertical and lateral loads.
Results: Bone sensitivity to framework material was demonstrated as, increasing material elasticity reduces bone stresses. While total bone deformation of Cr Co and Titanium frameworks were equivalent, PEEK material showed the highest deformation. All implant complex components showed increasing stresses and deformation with reducing material elasticity. Under the proposed loads, no failure occurred in any model component.
Conclusion: Within this study limitations, all materials tested were found to be suitable for usage as all on four system framework. Cr Co material showed the best performance, while Titanium was found nearly equivalent to it, and PEEK caused the highest stresses and deformations on bone and implant complex.