Patient’s Risk Factors for Dental Implant Success and Failure (A Retrospective Study)

Abstract
Aim: To detect the odds ratios of the various risks influencing the dental implant success and failure retrospectively.
Methods: In this retrospective study the clinical and radiographic data of the patients who underwent dental implant procedures at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery Al-Azhar university since year 2015 were reviewed. Two hundred cases were selected for this study, data were recorded including smoking, periodontal diseases history, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis and number of implants in each patient. Periapical digital radiograph was used immediate after implant, at the loading time and in annual basis for five years for measuring radiographic bone loss (RBL). Criteria for implant success and failure were also collected and recorded and all these data were statistically analyzed. The odds ratio (ORs) and RBL were determined and the significance level was considered to be a p value of 0.05. Results: The success rate at the level of 200 patients in this study was 93.5 percent (187 patients) and at least one implant failed in the remaining 6.5 percent (13 patients). Patients who were not smokers, without neither diabetes nor history of periodontitis and patients who received only single implant recorded higher significant ORs associated with implant success (OR = 3.66, 5.96, 7.24 & 3.56) respectively. The average RBL was minimal with 0.08mm annually for the success implants.
Conclusion: Data review of this study showed that the effectiveness of the dental implant was adversely affected by smoking, diabetes, history of periodontal diseases and multiple placements of implants.