Nanographene and curcumin to improve the biocompatibility of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Lecturer of Oral Biology, Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Associate Professor of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

3 Associate Professor of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Graphene-based nanomaterials have outstanding physicochemical and anti-bacterial properties. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural polyphenolic with anti-inflammatory properties. Resin-based materials such as poly-methyl methacrylate resins (PMMA) are widely used in dentistry especially as denture bases, orthodontic brackets and temporary crowns. Despite their extensive uses in the dental field, they still have limitations such as producing mild mucosal irritation and promoting fungal growth. Incorporating nanoparticles such as graphene oxide (nGO) and/or curcumin (nCUR) with PMMA can improve its biocompatibility and reduce inflammation.
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo biocompatibility of incorporating nanoparticles of GO or CUR into PMMA. Biocompatibility was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation of the material for 1 week in Wistar rats.
This study included 24 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups; group 1 (Sham group), group 2 (PMMA only), group 3 (PMMA with nGO) and group 4 (PMMA with nCUR). One-week post-surgical, hematological parameters were assessed. After sacrifice, histological examination was performed to evaluate the thickness of granulation tissue and inflammatory cells count. The data showed normal hematological profile and lower signs of inflammation with samples of PMMA with nGO as compared to the PMMA alone or the PMMA with added nCUR. In conclusion, adding nGO particles significantly improved the biocompatibility of PMMA as compared to both PMMA alone and PMMA with nCUR.

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Egyptian Dental Journal
Volume 71, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
July (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology & Oral Pathology)
July 2025
Pages 2145-2154

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