Statement of problem: Severely damaged teeth frequently require placement of a core before preparation to receive an indirect restoration. However, the choice of the core material may also influence the outcome although reliable research data are scare. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of short fiber-reinforced composite resin of endodontically treated teeth restored with and without root canal posts. Methods: Sixty human extracted maxillary incisors were sectioned at the cemento-enamel junction. The root canals were prepared and obturated with gutta percha. Three groups of direct complete crowns were fabricated (n = 20 per group); Group A: made from particulate filler composite resin (Corestore 2, Kerr, control), Group B: particulate filler composite resin with fiber post (Aestheti-Post; Bisco), Group C: made from particulate filler composite resin with fiber post and short polyethylene fibers substructure (Ribbond Inc.). After finishing and polishing, the specimens were stored in 100% humidity at 37°C for 24 hours before they were statically loaded with a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA followed by Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch multiple-range test (α=.05). Results: ANOVA revealed that restorations made from particulate filler composite resin with fiber post and short polyethylene fibers substructure had higher fracture resistance capacity (309 N) (p< 0.05) than restorations made from particulate filler composite resin with fiber post (258 N). Control group had significant lower fracture resistance (178 N) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Polyethylene fiber may be an effective and practical method for reinforcement of the composite core material of endodontically treated teeth.
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