Vitamin D3 in Alveolar Bone Augmentation Performed Simultaneously with Dental Implant placement. A Controlled Clinical and Radiographic Study

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 when mixed with xenogenic bone grafts in alveolar ridge augmentation performed simultaneously with implant placement for the management of bony dehiscence defects around dental implant. This included evaluation of the alveolar ridge buccolingual dimensional changes (primary objective) and evaluation of the implant stability changes (secondary objective).
Subjects and methods: 14 patients suffering from missing upper anterior tooth and seeking dental implant were included in the study. All the patients showed a residual alveolar ridge with slight bone resorption buccolingually which allowed implant insertion with sufficient stability but with slight bony dehiscence that necessitated simultaneous alveolar bone augmentation with the implant insertion. Group 1 (Test group, 7 patients , received dental implant and alveolar ridge augmentation using customized titanium mesh and xenografts mixed with vitamin D) while Group 2 (Control group, 7 patients, received dental implant and alveolar ridge augmentation using customized titanium mesh and xenografts without vitamin D). Buccolingual (BL) alveolar ridge width changes were evaluated during the study using the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) while the implant stability changes were evaluated using Osstell Mentor throughout the study.
Results: In both groups, a higher mean buccolingual (BL) alveolar ridge width was recorded 4 months after augmentation. The difference between initial and follow up value was statistically significant. Regarding the percent change in BL width, a higher mean percent increase was recorded in group1, with a statistically significant difference between groups. In both groups, a higher mean value of implant stability (ISQ) was recorded 4 months after augmentation. The difference between initial and follow up value was statistically significant. Regarding the percent change in ISQ, a higher mean percent increase was recorded in group1, with a statistically significant difference between groups.
Conclusion: Vitamin D enhanced the bone formation when mixed with xenografts in alveolar ridge augmentation surgeries. Moreover, it played a role in improving implant stability .